河套灌区春灌结合秸秆隔层对盐碱土壤温度的调控效果

Regulation effect of spring irrigation combined with straw interlayer on saline-alkali soil temperature in Hetao Irrigation District

【目的】对内蒙古河套灌区向日葵生长季土壤温度进行连续监测,从土壤温度变化的角度对春灌结合秸秆隔层措施进行了科学评价。【方法】田间微区定位试验在内蒙古五原县进行,供试作物为食用向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.),品种为JK601 (2016—2017年)和HT361 (2018年)。以无秸秆隔层+常规春灌量2250m^3/hm^2为对照(CK),其他处理均采用秸秆隔层,灌水量为对照的100%(W100)、90%(W90)、80%(W80)。秸秆隔层一次性布置,之后连续3年,用5TE-传感器测定食葵生育期膜内距地表下10、20、30和40 cm处土壤水分、电导率、温度。在食葵收获期,调查产量和产量构成因素。【结果】与CK相比,W100处理0—40cm土层土壤温度在食葵生育时期均表现出增温效果,但增温幅度随着试验年份的增加而降低,其中在2016年食葵蕾期、花期和成熟期显著增温0.7℃~1.8℃,2017年食葵苗期、蕾期和花期生长阶段显著增温0.6℃~1.7℃(P <0.05),而在2018年两处理间土壤温度无显著差异。W100处理0—40 cm土层土壤温度在食葵苗期和蕾期最高,与W90和W80处理相比,3年平均提高了0.3℃~0.4℃和0.2℃~0.5℃;而在食葵花期和成熟期表现为W80处理的土壤温度最高,与W100和W90处理相比,3年平均提高了0.8℃~1.0℃和0.5℃~1.0℃(P <0.05)。相较于CK处理,W100处理和W90处理均能增加食葵产量。其中,W100处理在3年分别增产34.63%、18.83%和6.57%,W90处理分别增产30.42%、15.91%和0.64%。【结论】综合比较土壤温度调控、节约水资源、作物产量,在当地常规春灌基础上减少10%灌水量结合秸秆隔层处理(W90)是较优方案。秸秆隔层处理对土壤温度的调控效果在前两年较为显著,因此,应考虑每两年进行一次隔层处理,以保证该措施对土壤温度调控的有效性。

【Objectives】The soil temperatures during the sunflower growing season were monitored continuously in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia,and scientifically evaluate the spring irrigation combined with straw interlayer measures from the perspective of temperature changes.【Methods】The field micro-area experiment was conducted in Wuyuan County of Inner Mongolia.The tested crops were edible sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),and the varieties were JK601(2016–2017)and HT361(2018).The conventional spring irrigation amount of 2250 m3/hm2 without straw interlayer was used as control(CK),the treatments were all using the straw interlayer combined with conventional spring irrigation of 100%(W100),90%(W90),80%(W80).The straw interlayer was arranged at once,and then used for three consecutive years,the 5TE-sensor was used to measure the soil moisture,electrical conductivity and temperature at 10,20,30 and 40 cm below the ground surface within the film during the growth period of the sunflower.During the harvest period,the yield and yield components of sunflower were investigated.【Results】In the whole growth period of sunflower,0–40 cm soil temperature of W100 treatment was higher than that of CK,but the increasing range of temperature decreased with the increase of implementation year.In 2016,there was a significant increase in soil temperature of 0.7℃–1.8℃during the bud,florescence and maturity stages of the sunflower,and a significant increase in temperature of 0.6℃–1.7℃during the growth stage of the seedling,bud and florescence of the sunflower in 2017(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in soil temperature between the two treatments in 2018.Compared with W90 and W80 treatments,W100 treatment showed the highest soil temperature in 0–40 cm at the seedling and bud stage,and its average soil temperature during three years was increased by 0.3℃–0.4℃and 0.2℃–0.5℃,respectively.However,W80 treatment showed the highest soil temperature in flowering and maturity period relative to W100 and W90 treatments,and its average temperature was increased by 0.8℃–1.0℃and 0.5℃–1.0℃(P<0.05),respectively.W100 and W90 treatments could increase sunflower yield.Compared with CK in the three years,W100 treatment increased production by 34.63%,18.83%and 6.57%respectively,and W90 treatment increased production by 30.42%,15.91%and 0.64%,respectively.【Conclusions】Comprehensive considering soil temperature regulation,water conservation and crop yield improvement,reducing irrigation of local conventional amount by 10%combined with every two years’straw interlayer treatment is a comparatively good option.