摘要
【目的】研究不同分子量腐殖酸与磷肥复合制备的腐殖酸磷肥对作物和土壤磷有效性的影响,为腐殖酸磷肥研发和磷素高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】利用超滤分级方法,将风化煤腐殖酸分子量分为> 100 kDa、10~100 kDa和<10 kDa 3个部分,获得高(HAH)、中(HAM)、低(HAL)不同分子量的腐殖酸,采用磷酸与KOH反应法制备普通磷肥(P)、未分级腐殖酸磷肥(PHA)、高分子量腐殖酸磷肥(PHAH)、中分子量腐殖酸磷肥(PHAM)和低分子量腐殖酸磷肥(PHAL) 5种磷肥。采用深100 cm、内径25 cm的土柱进行冬小麦栽培试验,按等磷量原则,设置P、PHA、PHAH、PHAM、PHAL 5个施磷处理,同时设置与4个施磷处理对应的等量腐殖酸处理(HA、HAH、HAM、HAL),以不施磷肥为对照CK。测定小麦产量及产量构成因素、植株磷含量及不同层次土壤有效磷含量。【结果】1)与CK相比,腐殖酸处理(HA、HAH、HAM、HAL)小麦增产不明显。与普通磷肥相比,PHA、PHAM和PHAL处理产量显著提高了14.73%、18.84%、21.37%(P <0.05),3个处理间产量差异不显著,PHAH增产不明显。PHAL处理千粒重显著高于普通磷肥处理,其余3个腐殖酸磷肥处理增幅未达显著水平。2) PHA、PHAM和PHAL处理籽粒吸磷量较普通磷肥处理分别显著提高14.97%、19.45%、22.68%,而PHAH增幅未达显著水平;腐殖酸磷肥处理间秸秆吸磷量没有显著差异。3)与普通磷肥相比,PHA、PHAH、PHAM、PHAL磷肥偏生产力和农学效率分别提高14.71%、6.01%、18.82%、21.35%和14.95%、1.66%、20.18%、23.03%,磷肥表观利用率分别提高2.93、0.51、4.52、5.41个百分点,也以中、低分子量腐殖酸磷肥效果最为明显,腐殖酸中的氧烷基碳、羧基/酰胺基碳、烷基碳结构与小麦籽粒产量和磷肥利用率具有正相关性,与芳香碳、芳香C―O负相关。4) 4个腐殖酸磷肥处理间及其与普通磷肥处理间0—20、20—40、40—60 cm土层土壤有效磷含量差异不显著。【结论】田间土柱栽培条件下,单施腐殖酸对小麦没有表现出明显的增产效果。腐殖酸中的氧烷基碳、羧基/酰胺基碳、烷基碳结构与小麦磷素吸收具有正相关性,低分子量腐殖酸具有较多的烷基碳、氧烷基碳、羧基/酰胺基碳结构,因而低分子量腐殖酸提高磷肥中磷素利用率的作用好于中分子量腐殖酸,而高分子量腐殖酸的效果不显著。
【Objectives】This study investigated the effect of winter wheat yield and phosphate utilization efficiency applied with different molecular weight humic acid phosphate fertilizers,providing theoretical and data reference for the research and application of humic acid phosphate fertilizer.【Methods】Humic acids with molecular weight>100 kDa(high),10–100 kDa(middle)and<10 kDa(low)were made from weathered coal by ultrafiltration classification.Humic acid-phosphate fertilizers were prepared by adding mixed,high,middle and low molecular weight humic acids in phosphoric acid and KOH,recorded as PHA,PHAH,PHAM and PHAL in turn,and the prepared P fertilizer without adding humic acid was used as control(P).Soil columns of 100 cm×25 cm were used to carry out a wheat pot experiment,and the application amount of P2O5 in all the five treatments was 0.1 g/kg soil.After wheat harvest,the wheat yield,yield components were investigated,and the plant and grain P contents were measured,the contents of available P in 0–20 cm,20–40 cm,40–60 cm,60–80 cm soil layers were analyzed.【Results】1)There was no significant difference in wheat grain yields among the HA,HAH,HAM,HAL and CK treatments.Compared with common P treatment,the wheat yields in PHA,PHAM and PHAL treatments were significantly increased by 14.73%,18.84%,and 21.37%,and there was no significant among the three treatments of humic acid-phosphate fertilizers,while the yield increase in PHAH was not significant.The 1000-grain weight in PHAL treatment was significantly higher than that in common P fertilizer treatment,those in the others were not significant.2)Compared with common P fertilizer treatment,the P uptakes in wheat straw of humic acid-phosphate fertilizer treatments were not increased significantly,where the uptakes in wheat grain in PHA,PHAM and PHAL treatments were significantly increased by 14.97%,19.45%,and 22.68%,respectively,while that in PHAH was not significantly increased.3)Compared with common P fertilizer treatment,the P partial productivity and agronomic efficiency in PHA,PHAH,PHAM,PHAL treatments were increased by 14.71%,6.01%,18.82%,21.35%and 14.95%,1.66%,20.18%,23.03%,and the P recovery efficiency were increased by 2.93,0.51,4.52,5.41 percentage points,respectively.Wheat grain yield and P recovery efficiency were positively correlated with alkyl carbon,carboxyl/carbon alkyl amide,alkyl carbon of humic acids,while negatively related to the aromatic carbon,aromatic C―O.4)There was no significant difference in available P contents in 0–20 cm,20–40 cm,40–60 cm soil layers among PHA,PHAH,PHAM,PHAL and P treatments.【Conclusions】Under the condition of field soil column cultivation,when only humic acid is used,the wheat yield can not be increased obviously.Wheat grain yield and P recovery efficiency are positively correlated with alkyl carbon,carboxyl oxygen/carbon alkyl amide,alkyl carbon of humic acids.As the low molecular weight humic acid-phosphate fertilizer contains more active functional groups than the middle and high molecular weight ones,it is more effective in promoting the P uptake and yield,while the yield and P efficiency effects of high molecular one is not significant.
作者
李伟
袁亮
张水勤
林治安
李燕婷
赵秉强
LI Wei;YUAN Liang;ZHANG Shui-qin;LIN Zhi-an;LI Yan-ting;ZHAO Bing-qiang(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第11期2043-2050,共8页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200405-3)。
关键词
腐殖酸
腐殖酸分子量
磷肥
冬小麦
产量
humic acid
humic acid molecular weight
phosphate fertilizer
winter wheat
yield