体质量增长不良儿童的营养及膳食状况分析

Nutritional assessment and dietary survey of children with poor weight gain

目的调查体质量增长不良的1~3岁儿童的营养及膳食状况,为后期的饮食及营养干预提供依据。方法选取2018年10月至2019年5月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院保健中心因体质量增长不良而就诊的186例儿童,参照WHO 2006年发布的儿童生长发育标准,按照均值离差法对体质量进行5等级评价,采用24 h膳食回顾法结合3 d膳食日记法进行膳食调查,调查结果与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2013版)进行比较。结果所调查儿童中,低体质量组30例(16.1%),中下体质量组98例(52.7%),中等体质量组58例(31.2%)。所有儿童肉禽鱼类、蛋类、奶类的摄入量均低于推荐摄入量,以低体质量组和中下体质量组最明显,其中低体质量组儿童肉禽鱼类、蛋类、奶类的摄入量分别占推荐摄入量最低值的20.9%、31.1%、57.7%;能量、蛋白质、锌、铁、维生素A的摄入量均低于推荐摄入量,且不同体质量组间整体比较及组内两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论所调查儿童存在一定程度的营养素摄入不足现象,蛋白质、锌、铁、维生素A的摄入不足最为明显,对这类儿童应重视肉禽鱼类、蛋类、奶类的摄入,平衡膳食结构,避免蛋白质以及微量营养素尤其是锌、铁、维生素A的缺乏。

Objective To evaluate the dietary and nutritional status in children aged 1-3 years with the complaint of poor weight gain,so as to provide references for further intervention.Methods A total of 186 patients aged 1-3 years were adopted for physical measurement and dietary survey.Weight was evaluated by 2006 WHO growth standards using a deviation method,and dietary survey was performed by 24 h dietary recall method combined with 3 d diet diary,and the data was compared with Chinese DRIs(2013).Results A total of 30 children were underweight(16.1%),98 children(52.7%)were middle and low weight and 58 children(31.2%)were medium weight.The average daily intake of eggs,meat and milk was lower than the recommended intake for all children,especially in the underweight and middle and low weight group.The intake of meat,eggs and milk accounted for 20.9%,31.1%and 57.7%of the lowest recommended intakes,respectively in the underweight group.All of the children’s intake of energy,protein,zinc,iron,and vitamin A were lower than the recommended intakes,and the differences were statistically significant between different groups(P<0.05).Conclusions The inadequate nutrient intakes were common in these children,especially the protein,zinc,iron and vitamin A.Therefore,the children’s diet should be improved and balanced,the intakes of meat,eggs and milk should be increased at a reasonable level.