长江流域“三磷”污染问题与整治对策建议

The Current Problems and Countermeasures of the“Three Phosphorus”in the Yangtze River Basin

总磷已成为长江的首要污染物。长江中上游总磷污染严重的地区与“三磷”(磷矿、磷化工、磷石膏库)的主要分布区呈现大体上的空间一致性。“三磷”治理成为长江经济带尤其是中上游地区水环境治理的关键节点。以长江流域“三磷”集聚的中上游省(市)为例,通过识别磷矿资源空间分布及依托磷矿优势形成的磷化工产业带分布情况,研判长江流域“三磷”存在的主要环境污染问题,分析产生问题的原因。针对关键问题,建议分类加强治理和管控措施如下:推进磷矿业加工转型升级,优化磷矿资源开发保护格局;科学合理布局磷化工产业,推进涉磷化工园区规范化建设;加大磷石膏堆存历史遗留问题的整治和监控,谨防磷石膏综合利用带来新的环境风险。

Total phosphorus pollutant has become the main water pollution problem in the Yangtze River basin.Areas with severe total phosphorus pollution in the upper and middle Yangtze River,which has consistent spatial distribution with main distribution area of the“three phosphorus”(phosphate rock mountains,phosphorus chemical plants and phosphogypsum disposal places).“Three phosphorus”pollution control which has become a key issue of water environment management especially in the upper and middle areas of the Yangtze River basin.Through the study of the spatial distribution of phosphate rocks and phosphorus chemical industry,this article identifies the current environmental pollution problems and future development constraints of the“three phosphorus”in the Yangtze River basin.The paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions:Promote the transformation and upgrading process of phosphorus mining,optimize the protection of mining procedure of phosphate rocks;Realize the scientific planning and reasonable layout of phosphorus chemical industry and standardizing the construction of phosphorus chemical park;Strengthen the rectification and monitor about historical phosphogypsum disposal problems and guard against the new environmental risks brought by the comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum.The paper provides technological support for controlling total phosphorus pollution in the Yangtze River basin.