才子崇拜、地域文化与轶事传闻——元稹与窦巩的浙东“兰亭绝唱”蠡考

Talent Worship,Regional Culture and Anecdotes——A Textual Research on Yuan Zhen and Dou Gong’s"Lanting Song"in East Zhejiang

《旧唐书·元稹传》等文献记载的元稹与窦巩在浙东的"兰亭绝唱"一事,与史实不符。窦巩未曾入元稹浙东幕府,其与元稹的"兰亭绝唱"不可能发生,当属好事者的传闻。元稹诗名卓著,影响巨大,在当时即有"元才子"的美誉,其诗文在扬、越间被模勒贩卖乃至被当作童蒙教材使用,同时也出现了大量假冒其名的赝作。由这一情况看,"兰亭绝唱"应是越地人对于元稹慕其名、重其诗而根据相关赝作铺排出的轶事,实际上是时人才子崇拜心理的产物。这一传闻的生成与传播,除了与元稹本人的巨大影响力有关,也与浙东文化传统有关。中晚唐时期浙东地区文人的诗酒唱和风潮,尤其是长庆、大和年间元稹与白居易等人的诗酒唱和活动,也对"兰亭绝唱"传闻的流播起推波助澜的作用。这一传闻本身有违背历史事实之处,但仍能在一定程度上呈现特定历史时期的社会心理和文坛风貌,窥见文学民间传播的真实样态,具有一定的文学史乃至文化史价值。

The"Lanting Song"between Yuan Zhen and Dou Gong in eastern Zhejiang which was recorded in the Old Tang Book and other documents is inconsistent with historical facts.Dou Gong did not enter the shogunate of Yuan Zhen in eastern Zhejiang,and the"Lanting Song"was impossible to happen,it was just a rumor.Yuan Zhen’s poems were outstanding and had a great influence.His poems were sold in Yang and Yue,and they were used as children’s textbooks.At the same time,there were also a large number of counterfeit works named of Yuan Zhen.From this point of view,the"Lanting Song"should be an anecdote arranged by the Yue people for Yuan Zhen’s admiration.The generation and spread of this rumor is not only related to Yuan Zhen’s great influence,but also to the cultural tradition of eastern Zhejiang.In the middle and late Tang Dynasty,the poetry and wine singing are the trend of literati in eastern Zhejiang,especially in the years of Changqing and Dahe,the poetry and wine singing and activities of Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi,also contributed to the spread of the rumor of"Lanting Song".This rumor itself is contrary to historical facts,but it can still present the social psychology and literary style of a specific historical period to a certain extent,and has certain value in the history of literature and even in the history of culture.