中国古代身体素养观的哲学论绎

Philosophical Implication of Ancient Chinese Physical Literacy

运用文献资料调研法,归纳和考释了中国古代典籍中素养的4类意涵,指出它们实质上构成一组意义相通互补的簇概念。在此基础上,采用中国哲学诠释学的方法,分析素养本然涵摄的一元论和整体论身体意蕴,提出身体素养是中国古人修身的题中之意,他们崇尚的体育运动内含5类身体素养观:1)知觉运动与心智发展相统一;2)体力与心志整体发展;3)情志陶冶与身体磨炼相统一;4)群己和谐,德艺一体;5)日用即道,终身发展。这些基本观念以三大核心要素为底层逻辑,衍生出循环渐进的生成性结构。中国古代身体素养观崇尚体育运动的德性养成,强调在运动中宣发与中和人的情绪,在仪式化和情境化的氛围中锻炼身体能力,和谐群己关系,因而既深具中国自身特色,又蕴含很强的当代价值。此观念虽然与现代意义上的身体素养概念存在一定差异,但在具身化的哲学逻辑底层却能够相互契合。虽然中国古代身体素养观在当代社会存在一定的局限性,但通过创新性发展和创造性转化,能够逐步架构起中国语境下的当代身体素养。

Using the method of documentation,this article summarizes and interprets the four meanings of“literacy”in ancient Chinese classics,and points out that they essentially constitute a set of conceptual clusters with complementary meanings.On this basis,using the method of Chinese philosophical hermeneutics,this article analyzes the monism and holistic body implication of literacy,and proposes that physical literacy is the meaning of the self-cultivation of the Chinese classical era.It conceives five types of physical literacy,namely:1)the unity of perception movement and mental development;2)the overall development of physical ability and mind;3)the unity of emotional cultivation and physical training;4)the harmony of unity and the integration of morality and art;5)daily using and lifelong development.This concept of physical literacy advocates the development of morality in sports,emphasizes the expression of the emotions of the neutrals in the movement,and exercises physical ability and harmonious group relationship in a ritualized and contextualized atmosphere.Its own characteristics also contain a strong contemporary value.Although this concept is different from the concept of physical literacy in the modern sense,it can be matched at the bottom of the philosophical logic of the body.By comparing the similarities and differences between the two,this article highlights and constructs the physical literacy in the Chinese context.