《左传》预言的文化指向与叙事功能

The Cultural Orientation and Narrative Function of the Prophecy in Zuo Zhuan

李惠仪《〈左传〉的书写与解读》以“征兆”指代预言,进而将《左传》中历史事件与叙事理想的实然与应然并存,解读为“解释的焦虑”,微观阐释有余,宏观考量不足。《左传》从刀简书笔史官文明中寻求大义春秋四方教化,“思而不惧”;《左传》中的预言,不是存在与反映的比附,也不是简单的预设与达成,不能等同于“征兆”。就思维模式而言,《左传》预言是经验的继承与集成:是先民对天人关系的探索,是道德人文的建立,是经世致用的思考;就文学方法而言,《左传》预言是应验叙事传统在特定时期历史书写中的呈现,具有伏笔、承转、省文等叙事功能。

Li Huiyi refers to the prophecy with“omen”in her essay Zuo Zhuan(Zuoqiu Ming’s Chronicles)’s Writing and Interpretation,and then further interprets the coexistence of actuality and ought to of the historical events and narrative ideal in Zuozhuan as the“anxiety of explanation”,which has more microcosmic interpretation and less macro consideration.Zuo Zhuan seeks the enlightenment of the great righteousness from the civilization all around written by those historians in the Spring and Autumn period and“worry but not fear”;The prophecy in Zuo Zhuan is neither the connatching of existence and reaction nor the simple presupposition and achievement,so it is not equivalent to“omen”.As far as the thinking model is concerned,Zuozhuan’s prophecy is the inheritance and integration of experience:the exploration of the relationship between heaven and man by the ancestors,the establishment of morality and humanity,and the thinking of the world and practicality;in terms of literary methods,it is the presentation of the realistic narrative tradition in the historical writing of a specific period,which has the narrative functions of implication,carrying preceding and following,ellipsis and so forth.