2017—2019年德州市城乡供水一体化水质卫生状况分析

An Analysis of the Water Quality and Sanitary Condition of Integrated Urban and Rural Water Supply in Dezhou,2017—2019

目的了解德州市城乡供水一体化水质卫生状况,为提高供水卫生质量提供依据。方法根据《德州市生活饮用水卫生监测方案》,对德州市11个县市区的16家城乡供水一体化水厂的出厂水和末梢水进行监测。2017—2019年对所有16个出厂水监测点和末梢水监测点334个(2017年)、324个(2018年)和359个(2019年)于枯水期和丰水期各采样1次;依据《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)和《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)对水样进行检测和结果判定。结果 2017—2019年共监测水样2 130份,达标率为82.16%(1 750/2 130),其中微生物指标、毒理学指标、感官和一般化学指标以及消毒指标达标率分别为99.48%(2 119/2 130)、95.31%(2 030/2 130)、83.15%(1 771/2 130)和96.57%(2 057/2 130);2017—2019年各年度间毒理学指标、感官性状和一般化学指标、消毒指标达标率差异具有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为12.781、12.912和71.500,P <0.05);2017—2019年各年度水样达标率分别为81.00%(567/700)、78.97%(537/680)和86.13%(646/750),各年度间达标率差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=13.441,P<0.01)。2017—2019年枯水期和丰水期水样总达标率分别是84.60%(901/1 065)和79.72%(849/1 065),两者差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=8.661,P<0.05),2017—2019存在超标的项目为菌落总数、硫酸盐、氟化物、和铝和消毒剂余量。结论 2017—2019年德州市城乡供水水质总体平稳,需要重点控制水中的菌落总数、硫酸盐、氟化物、铝和消毒剂余量。

Objective To investigate the water quality and sanitary condition of integrated urban and rural water supply in Dezhou,Shandong province,China,and to provide a basis for the action of improving water sanitation.Methods According to the Surveillance Program of Drinking Water Sanitation in Dezhou,the finished and terminal water from 16 integrated water plants in 11 counties/county-level cities/districts of Dezhou were monitored.From 2017 to 2019,all the 16 surveillance sites of finished water and 334(in 2017)/324(in 2018)/359(in 2019)surveillance sites of terminal water were inspected for three consecutive years.The water from each surveillance site was sampled twice a year,once in dry season and once in wet season.According to the Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water(GB/T 5750-2006)and Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2006),the water samples were examined and the results were determined.Results A total of 2130 water samples were examined from 2017 to 2019,of which 82.16%(1750/2130)reached the standards.Specifically,99.48%(2119/2130)reached the microbiological standards,95.31%(2030/2130)reached the toxicological standard,83.15%(1771/2130)reached the sensory and general chemical standards,and 96.57%(2057/2130)reached the disinfection standards,and there were significant differences in the rates of reaching the last three standards among various years(χ2=12.781,12.912,and 71.500,respectively,all P<0.05).In terms of various years,the pass rates of water samples were 81.00%(567/700)in 2017,78.97%(537/680)in 2018,and 86.13%(646/750)in 2019,with a significant difference among them(χ2=13.441,P<0.01).In terms of different seasons,in 2017 to 2019,the overall pass rates of water samples were 84.60%(901/1065)in dry season and 79.72%(849/1065)in wet season,with a significant difference between the two seasons(χ2=8.661,P<0.05).During the three years from 2017 to 2019,the indicators that had alway sexceeded the standards values included total number of bacterial colonies,sulfate,fluoride,aluminum and disinfectant residue.Conclusion From 2017 to 2019,the water quality in rural and urban areas of Dezhou is stable in general.It is necessary to focus on controlling the total number of bacterial colonies,sulfate,fluoride,aluminum,and disinfectant residue in water.