英国中小学教师招聘:困境、原因及其改善措施

Recruitment of Primary and Secondary School Teachers in England:Dilemma,Causes and Improvement Measures

近年来,英国中小学正面临教师供给方面的危机。教师招聘呈现出初级教师培训招生不足、学科之间供给不平衡、处境不利地区招聘难度大等困境。研究发现:教师需求量增长、供给预测不够准确、成为教师的过程复杂、对处境不利地区支持不足、教师薪酬缺乏竞争力等因素影响了教师招聘。据此,英国政府致力于通过“内促外引”的方式增加紧缺学科师资;通过提高供给模型的准确性、改进衡量标准等措施来优化供给预测;通过探索教学计划、改善招聘渠道、重视申请者需求等方面来简化成为教师的过程;通过继续支持“教学优先”计划、加强财政激励、简化和保护培训市场等方式来帮助处境不利地区招聘教师;再通过提高毕业生起薪、上调工资幅度等措施提高教师薪资待遇。

In recent years, The primary and secondary schools of England are facing a crisis in the supply of teachers. The recruitment of teachers presents such difficulties as insufficient recruitment of Initial teachers, uneven supply among disciplines, and great difficulty in recruitment of disadvantaged areas. It is found that the factors such as the increase of teacher demand, the inaccurate forecast of teacher supply, the complicated process of becoming a teacher, the insufficient support for disadvantaged areas, and the lack of competitiveness in teacher salary affect teacher recruitment. Therefore, England government is committed to increasing the number of teachers in short supply through "promoting internal and introduction external";Optimizing the supply forecast by improving the accuracy of the supply model and the measurement standard;Simplifying the process of becoming a teacher by exploring teaching plans, improving recruitment channels and paying attention to the needs of applicants;Helping disadvantaged areas recruit teachers by continuing to support the Teaching First, strengthening financial incentives, simplifying and protecting the training market;Improving teachers’ salary by raising the starting salary of graduates and the salary range of teachers.