培育学生科学资本:英国教学理论、实践与启示

Cultivating Students’ Science Capital:The Theory and Practice of Teaching in England and Its Enlightenments

科学资本理论是近年英国学者对文化资本理论发展的最新成果,该理论为研究科技后备人才培养问题提供了新的视角。科学资本在学生课堂参与、职业期望和成就的再生产中发挥着重要作用,这种再生产一定程度上限制了弱势背景学生的科学潜能。英国学校积极扩大学生课堂参与面,从“个性化和本土化”“激发、评价和联结”“构建科学资本维度”三个步骤出发,开展科学资本教学法课堂实验,有效提升了学生的科学参与和期望水平,并促进了课堂公平。我国可以借鉴相关理论和实践经验,开展课堂参与和职业期望大规模调查,摸清关键要素现状;系统理清和验证科学资本作用机制,进一步完善科学资本理论;重视和承认每个学生的课堂贡献,补齐学生科学资本短板。

Science capital theory is British scholars’ research finding based on theory of cultural capital in recent years,it provides a new perspective for the research on the training of science and technology reserve talents.Science capital play an crucial role in reproduction of science participation, career aspiration and educational attainment, the reproduction limits the scientific potential of students from disadvantaged backgrounds to a certain extent. The schools in the UK actively carried out the classroom experiment of the science capital teaching approach from three steps of "personalizing and localizing", "eliciting, valuing and linking" and "building science capital dimensions" through "broadening what counts" in the classroom. These actions improved students’ scientific career aspiration and science participation level effectively, and also promoted classroom equity. We can learn from theories and practical experience: Carrying out the science career aspiration and science capital survey of middle school students in China to find out the current situation of key factors;Clearing and verifying the mechanism of science capital systematically to improve the science capital theory further;Value and acknowledge every student’s contribution to the classroom and make up accurately student science capital shortcomings.