土地行政公益诉讼的类型建构及展开

The Dichotomy and Practice of Administrative Public Interest Litigation Related to Land Management

在行政公益诉讼总论研究的基础上,分领域展开类型化研究,是完善行政公益诉讼制度的一项基础作业。土地具有自然资源和自然资源资产的双重属性、国家作为土地资源管理者和国有土地资产所有者的双重角色,决定了土地行政公益诉讼相较于环境保护、食药安全等领域的特殊性。具体而言,行政机关不依法履行土地资源管理职责案件中的社会公共利益表现为合理用地的公共秩序,审查难点在于把握行政权、审判权、检察权的分工与合作关系;行政机关不依法履行国有土地资产管理职责案件中的国家利益表现为国有土地资产所有者权益,审查难点在于平衡中央与地方、国家与第三人利益。以土地管理领域为切入点的类型化尝试,展示出行政公益诉讼分论研究具有传导立法需求信号、助推法治政府建设、优化检察机关内部划界与合作、提升办案人员法律适用能力的方法论意义。

It is a foundation engineering for administrative law scholarship to improve the administrative public interest litigation system by developing typology study on the basis of general theoretical framework. Compared to environment protection and food safety regulation areas, the characteristics of administrative public interest litigation related to land management attribute to the dichotomy of land, as natural resources and property, and the dichotomy of state, as owner and administrator. More specifically, the public interest litigation cases related to land use regulation should balance the tripartite relationship between agency, court and procuratorate when supervising law enforcement agencies. And the central issue of public interest litigation cases related to state-owned land asset management is balancing different interests. Furthermore, the typology study on administrative public interest litigation is useful to deliver legislative demands, nudge rule of law government, reflect the internal structure of procuratorate, and improve lawyers’ professional skills.