受罚性行为与行政处罚的判断及其适用——关于李文亮“训诫”案中的行为及相关争论问题的分析

Judgment and Application of Punishable Behavior and Administrative Punishment--Analysis on Li Wenliang’s Case and Related Controversial Issues

在李文亮“训诫”案中,当事人在微信群里发布有关言论或信息的行为并不构成“造谣传谣”或传发虚假信息、发表不实言论,也不构成违反治安管理秩序的违法行为因而不属于应受处罚的行为;公安机关的“训诫”行为是否为行政处罚,不能仅从法定名称或形式来确定,而应结合其“训诫书”所载明的内容和其对当事人权利义务影响等因素做出整体性和综合性的判断,基于此该“训诫”行为应定性为行政处罚;公安机关的该“训诫”行为在事实认定、实体和程序方面都存在违法情形,有关机关可依法予以撤销,当事人及其亲属亦可依法提起行政诉讼。该案所反映出的问题对行政处罚的设定和实施皆具有重要的启示意义,在立法设定上应明确定义行政处罚的概念、实现行政处罚的类型化,在执法实施方面应遵循法治的底线和充分尊重人权。

In the case where Li Wenliang was admonished,the act of posting relevant words or information in the WeChat group does not constitute dissemination of false information or untrue statements,nor does it constitute a violation of law and order.The behavior is therefore not a punishable behavior.Whether the admonishing of police department is an administrative punishment cannot be determined solely from the name or form,and a comprehensive judgment should be made by considering many factors such as the contents of the admonishing letter and impacts on his rights.The admonishing action should be confirmed as an administrative punishment·The action of police department violated the law in terms of fact determination,entities,and procedures.The action can be revoked by related organs,and he or his relatives can institute administrative proceedings·The issues reflected in the case have important implications for the establishment and implementation of administrative punishment.The concept of administrative punishment should be clearly defined in the legislative setting,and the classification of administrative punishment should be realized.The rule of law bottom line should be followed and human rights should be fully respected in law enforcement.