论单位违法的处罚范围确定规则

The Framework Model and Rule Construction of the Scope of Unit Violation Punishment

《行政处罚法》对单位违法的规制存在制度缺失,其主要制度布置被规定在《治安管理处罚法》及其他单行法之中,我国关于单位违法处罚范围的规定前后表现为“行政裁量模式”和“立法羁束模式”。其均未能准确反映单位违法的真实构造而有诸多缺陷。从单位违法的双重构成出发,结合比较法经验,单位违法处罚范围应走向“立法排除模式”。为此,现有的规范体系需加以重塑或者作变通理解:从立法论的角度,须引入正面认定规则与反面排除规则,以全面囊括所有单位违法行为;基于解释论的立场,《治安管理处罚法(修订公开征求意见稿)》等关于单位违法的规定可变通解释为“量罚条款”,实现“立法排除模式”与现有规范的融合,降低“立法排除模式”的立法成本。

With the Public Security Administration Punishment Law(Revised Public Consultation Draft)as the boundary, China’s legislative provisions on the scope of unit violations are manifested in two modes:Administrative discretion model and legislative restraint model,Unfortunately, they all fail to accurately reflect the true structure of the unit’s illegality and have many shortcomings.Starting from the dual composition of unit violations, combined with the experience of comparative law, the framed mode of the scope of unit violations should go to the legislative exclusion model.For this reason, the existing normative system needs to be reshaped or modified:From the perspective of legislation, it is necessary to frame the punishment scope of unit violation by introducing positive identification rules and negative exclusion rules;Based on the position of the interpretation theory,the provisions of Revised Public Consultation Draft can be interpreted as penalty provisions.Thereby achieving the organic integration of the legislative exclusion model and the existing norms and reduce the rule construction cost of legislative exclusion model.