行政许可后续监管体系中的从业限制法律责任:基本类型、法律属性及法律规制

Legal Liability of Practicing Restrictions in the Follow-up Supervision System of Administrative Licensing:Basic Types,Legal Attributes,and Legal Regulations

作为一项法律责任类型,从业限制法律责任在我国许多行政许可后续监管领域中得到了运用。从业限制法律责任所具有的权利限制基础性与惩戒严厉性特点,决定了在推进国家治理体系和国家治理能力现代化,持续深化推进“放管服”改革的宏观时代背景下,按照行政法治精神构建从业限制法律责任体系的正当性与必要性。从业限制法律责任的法律属性主要体现为两个方面的机制属性:一是作为累犯隔离机制,从主体隔断层面促成违法主体不能再犯;二是作为责任附加机制,从特别惩戒层面威慑违法主体不敢再犯。从业限制法律责任体系的法治化构建需要统筹统一性与差异性,在坚持法规以上法律规范有权设定的原则前提下,审慎界定适用范围,建立异议申辩、修复更正和动态退出等程序机制,强化正当法律程序保障。

As a type of legal liability,legal liability of practicing restriction has been used in many areas of follow-up supervision of administrative licensing in my country.Its basic nature of right limitation and severe punishment have determined the legality and necessity of constructing the legal liability system for practicing restrictions under the spirit of administrative rule of law.The legal attributes of legal liability of practicing restrictions are mainly reflected in two aspects:first,as a recidivism isolation mechanism,it prevents illegal subjects from committing again by subject isolation;second,as a mechanism of imposing liability,it deters illegal subjects from committing again by special punishment.The construction of the legal liability system for practicing restrictions requires coordination between uniformity and difference.The scope of application should be carefully defined,and procedural mechanisms such as apeal,correction,and dynamic exit should be established.The guarantee of due process should be strengthened.