外海、内湖渔业双重影响下的东钱湖传统渔村聚落空间研究

Research on Settlement Space of Traditional Fishery Villages under the Dual Influence of Off-Sea and Inner-Lake Fishery around Dongqian Lake

宁波东钱湖是历史上东海渔业的一个内港,同时也是湖畔渔村村民赖以生存的自然基底。其人居环境的形成与演化,受到外海、内湖两种渔业活动的影响。外海渔业是合作经济模式,作业地点在远洋,渔民的生产与生活相分离;内湖渔业是半农半渔的小农经济模式,作业生产的地点与生活区域相重叠。在"内""外"结合、"咸""淡"并举的渔业背景下,陶公山村、殷湾村等湖畔渔村蓬勃发展,人口稠密。本文将渔村聚落的形成置于渔业发展的背景下,以田野调查与方志文献为基础,梳理东钱湖的外海和内湖两种不同渔业的产业特征。从湖畔渔村到东海渔场,以渔业生产的逻辑串联起一系列跨区域的生产空间要素,形成完整的空间叙事系统。继而根据渔民生产、生活实践的需要,归纳传统渔村聚落的空间组织规则。

Dongqian Lake,as an inner harbor of fishery in the East China Sea in history,is also the basic natural environment for the fishing villages by the lake.The formation and evolution of this living environment are influenced by both the off-sea fishery and the innerlake fishery.The off-sea fishery is a cooperative economic model operated in the ocean,and the fishermen’s working and living areas are separated.The inner-lake fishery is small-scale agricultural economic model with a semi-agricultural and semi-fishing workstyle,and the working and living areas overlap.With both impacts of two kinds of fisheries,the fishery villages around the lake such as Taogongshan and Yinwan were rapidly constructed and densely populated.Under the back ground of fishery development for the forming of fishery villages,based on the field survey and local chronicles,this paper analyses the industrial characteristics of the off-sea and inner-lakes fishery in Dongqian Lake.From fishery villages around the lake to the East China Sea fishing grounds,a series of across regional productive space elements are connected by fishery logic to form a complete spatial narrative system.Then according to the needs of fishermen’s working and living practice,the paper summarizes the spatial rules of traditional fishery villages.