同源异流:现实主义的发展路径分歧——对抗战时期“主观”与“客观”论争的再讨论

Same Origin and Different Currents:Different Development Paths of Realism:A Re-discussion of the Debate about“Subjectivism”and“Objectivism”During the Anti-Japanese War

在抗战背景下,现实主义已然成为文艺理论发展的主导,现实主义创作也成为抗战文艺实践的主流倾向。1940年代的“主观”与“客观”的话语论争都是基于现实主义立场展开的,话语论争的背后是理论表述、创作方法以及文艺观等方面的差异。不仅如此,胡风的个人与延安的集体战斗方式对各自的理论思考产生着影响,前者始终在创作中关注个体的精神力量及其所发挥的作用,“集体性”则延续进延安文艺的发展脉络中,在社会宣传与配合革命的现实需求之下,“客观”成为一种必然的选择。

During the development of realism theory in the 1940s,there was a discourse debate about“subjectivism”and“objectivism”.The former was represented by Hu Feng and his“subjectivism combat spirit”,and the latter was based on the overall literature policy of Yan’an.In the context of the Anti-Japanese War,realism has become the dominant trend in the development of literary and artistic theories,and realistic creation has also become the mainstream trend of literary practice.The“subjectivism”and“objectivism”discourse debates in the 1940s were all based on the standpoint of realism.Behind the discourse disputes were differences in theoretical expressions,creative methods,and literary views.What’s more,Hu Feng’s basic theory and the collective fighting style of Yan’an have an impact on their theoretical thinking.The former always pays attention to the individual’s spiritual power and the role it plays in his creation,while the“collectivity”continues into the Yan’an literature.In the context of development,“objectivity”has become an inevitable choice in the context of social propaganda and the actual needs of the revolution.