略论贾谊的时代与贾谊的文学

A Brief Discussion on Jia Yi s Time and His Literature

贾谊是西汉前期重要的思想家、文学家,通过《新书》,可窥其辞赋、散文特点以及学术传承与文学贡献。具体来说,《史记》《汉书》本传所载《吊屈原赋》《鵩鸟赋》可以反映贾谊的辞赋创作特色;贾谊的散文创作则以《汉书》本传所载《陈政事疏》及《史记·秦始皇本纪》末段附《过秦论》等为代表。从其学术传承与文学贡献来看,贾谊不是纯儒,他的政治思想、学术理念主要源于荀子、李斯和张苍之学,文学创作则深受《左传》影响,汪洋恣肆,极富感染力。总之,贾谊的思想、创作对两汉学术文化发展产生了重要影响。

Jia Yi is an important thinker and literary scholar of the early Western Han Dynasty.Through his New Writings,one can explore the characteristics of his Ci Fu and prose,as well as his academic origins and literary contributions.More specifically,“Lament for Qu Yuan”(Diao Qu Yuan Fu)and“The Owl”(Funiao Fu)in Jia s autobiographies,contained in The Records of the Grand Historian and Book of Han respectively,reflect the style of his Ci Fu.Jia s petitions to Emperor Wen that recorded in Book of Han,and“Finding Fault with Qin”which is attached at the end of the“Basic Annals of the First Emperor of Qin”in The Records of the Grand Historian,represent the achievement of his prose.From the perspective of his academic origins and literary contributions,Jia Yi is not a pure Confucian scholar.His political thoughts and academic ideas are mainly inherited from the studies of Xunzi,Li Si and Zhang Cang,while his literary compositions are deeply influenced by“the Zuo Tradition”,which are unrestrained and pretty appealing.In brief,Jia Yi s thought and literature exert a profound and lasting influence on the development of academy and culture in Han Dynasty.