《德国留学指导书》(1937)之研究

A Study of Ratgeber für Chinesen die andeutschen Hochschulen studieren wollen (1937)

1933年建立的“中德学会”,其组织结构中有“总务组”的设置,其中最重要的一项工作便是向中国学生介绍德国大学留学事宜。1937年“中德学会”出版了由当时担任学会中文秘书的张天麟编译的《德国留学指导书》,详细地介绍了当时德国高等教育的状况,并为中国留德学生提供了很多实用的信息。“中德学会”毕竟是德国外交部直接资助的机构,从中德关系史的角度来看,《指导书》自然也受到民社主义在高等教育方面的影响。由于南京政府对民社主义有着正面的评价,一直到第二次世界大战爆发之前,纳粹的教育思想一直受到一些中国知识界精英人士的吹捧。《指导书》中所提到的HfL(Hochschule für Lehrerbildung)实际上并非一般意义上的“高等师范学校”,这是纳粹政府对魏玛共和国时期遗留下来的“师范学院”纳粹化改造的结果,是进行民社主义思想改造的场所。

Deutschland-Institut was set up in 1933 and had a General Affairs Department mainly responsible for disseminating to Chinese students information of studying in German universities.Ratgeber für Chinesen die an deutschen Hochschulen studieren wollen(Advice for the Chinese Who Want to Study at German Universities),a book compiled by Chang Tien-lin,then Chinese secretary of Deutschland-Institut,and published in 1937 by the institute in Peiping(Beijing),introduced in great details the general situation of higher education in Germany and provided a lot of useful information for the Chinese students planning to study there.With regard to the history of China-Germany relations,the book was inevitably influenced by German Socialism on higher education since Deutschland-Institut was receiving direct financial aid from German Foreign Ministry.As the Nanjing Government held a positive attitude towards German Socialism,the Nazi educational theory had been extolled by elite Chinese intellectuals until the outbreak of World War II.Thus the HfL(Hochschule für Lehrerbildung)mentioned in the book were not normal schools in the general sense,but the Nazification of the Colleges of Teachers Training established in Weimar Republic,the places where German Socialism was indoctrinated.