不同施肥处理对燕麦产量、养分吸收和水肥利用效率的影响

Effects of different fertilization treatments on oat yield,nutrient absorption and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency

【目的】探究阴山北麓地区种植燕麦的施肥效应,为阴山北麓地区旱地燕麦合理施肥提供科学依据。【方法】基于内蒙古武川旱作试验站的长期定位试验(开始于2004年),研究了长期施肥条件下不同施肥处理对燕麦产量、植株养分吸收和燕麦水肥利用效率的影响。【结果】氮磷钾化肥配合施用有机肥(NPK+O)和氮磷钾化肥平衡施用(NPK)可显著提高燕麦产量、千粒重、株高、单株穗长和单株小穗数,与对照相比,籽粒产量分别提高49.86%和38.97%;可显著提高燕麦叶面积指数、植株干物质量和植株养分吸收量,最大叶面积指数为2.62,最大植株干物质积累量为6066 kg/hm2;燕麦植株的最大氮、磷和钾养分吸收量分别为115.28、26.77和132.92 kg/hm2。氮磷钾化肥配合施用有机肥(NPK+O)和氮磷钾化肥平衡施用(NPK)可显著提高燕麦的水分利用效率,分别达到8.17和7.84 kg/(hm2·mm),比对照分别提高46.5%和40.0%。氮磷钾化肥平衡施用(NPK)处理的当季肥料利用率分别为36.37%、17.93%和59.92%。每生产100 kg燕麦籽粒吸收N 3.38~6.21 kg,平均4.93 kg;吸收P2O51.09~1.49 kg,平均1.31 kg;吸收K2O 3.98~7.43 kg,平均5.77 kg。【结论】氮磷钾化肥配合施用有机肥(NPK+O)和氮磷钾化肥平衡施用(NPK)显著提高了燕麦产量、养分吸收量和水肥利用效率,是资源高效利用和作物增产的养分管理模式。

【Objective】Explore the fertilization effect of oats in the northern Yinshan Mountain,and provide scientific basis for the rational fertilization of dryland oats in the northern Yinshan Mountain.【Methods】Based on the long-term positioning experiment(started in 2004)of Wuchuan dry farming experimental station in Inner Mongolia,the effects of different fertilization measures on oat yield,plant nutrient absorption and oat water and fertilizer utilization efficiency under long-term fertilization conditions were studied.【Results】Oat yield,1000-grain weight,plant high,panicle length and spikelet number per plant could be significantly increased under the combination use of chemical and organic fertilizer(NPK+O)and balanced fertilization(NPK).The grain yield under NPK+O and NPK conditions could be increased by 49.86%and 38.97%compared with oat planted without fertilization(CK).The oat LAI,biomass,and amount of absorption of N,P,and K could be significantly increased under NPK+O and NPK treatments,the maximum LAI,and biomass were 2.62 and 6066 kg/hm2,respectively.The max amount absorption of N,P and K was 115.28,26.77 and 132.92 kg/hm2,respectively.Combined application of NPK+O and NPK could significantly increase the water use efficiency in oats,reaching 8.17 and 7.84 kg/(hm2·mm),respectively,which were 46.5%and 40.0%higher than CK.The use efficiency of N,P2O5,and K2O under NPK was 36.37%,17.93%,and 59.92%,respectively.Each 100 kg oat absorbed N 3.38-6.21 kg,P2O51.09-1.49 kg,K2O 3.98-7.43 kg,with a value of 4.93,1.31,and 5.77 kg,respectively.【Conclusion】The combination use of chemical and organic fertilizer(NPK+O)and balanced fertilization(NPK)could significantly increase yield,nutrient absorbs,water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of oats,which were nutrient management models for high efficient resource utilization and oat yield increase.