苏北地区黄花菜生态适应性及营养品质比较

Comparison of ecological adaptability and nutritional quality of daylily in Northern Jiangsu Province

【目的】筛选出适合苏北地区种植的黄花菜品种。【方法】引进25个国内常见品种进行田间栽培比较试验,对其主要植物学性状和花蕾品质进行调查分析。【结果】三月花、大同黄花、C1品种的始花期分别比对照提前16、8、7 d,且花蕾重均高于对照,分别为4.07、3.40、4.27 g,其中,大同黄花产量显著(P<0.05)高于对照、C1与对照相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。三月花的可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、VC和黄酮含量均显著(P<0.05)高于对照,秋水仙碱含量显著(P<0.05)低于对照。大同黄花的可溶性糖和多酚含量显著(P<0.05)高于对照。C1的多酚、VC和黄酮含量均显著(P<0.05)高于对照,且三者适应性与抗性均较强。茄子花与长嘴子花开花期与对照相当,花蕾数与产量显著(P<0.05)高于对照,长嘴子花的黄酮含量显著(P<0.05)高于对照,茄子花的蛋白质含量显著(P<0.05)高于对照,二者的其他营养品质含量与对照相比无显著差异(P>0.05),适应性与抗性均较好。【结论】三月花、大同黄花、C1在早熟性、花蕾重、品质和抗性方面表现较好;茄子花、长嘴子花在产量、品质、抗性方面表现突出。前者适合设施提早生产,后者更适合制干和速冻生产。

【Objective】Screen out daylily cultivars suiting for planting in Northern Jiangsu Province.【Methods】Twenty-five domestic common varieties were introduced for field cultivation,and the main botanical characters and flower bud quality were investigated and analyzed.【Results】The flowering time of Sanyuehua,Datonghuanghua and C1 were 16,8 and 7 days earlier than that of the control,and the flower bud weight was 4.07,3.40 and 4.27 g,respectively.The yield of Datonghuanghua was significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05),but the yield of C1 was not significantly different with that of the control(P>0.05).The contents of soluble sugar,free amino acid,VC and flavonoids in Sanyuehua were significantly higher than those in the control(P<0.05),while the colchicine content was significantly lower(P<0.05).The contents of soluble sugar and polyphenols in Datonghuanghua were significantly higher than those of the control(P<0.05),and the contents of polyphenols,VC and flavonoids of C1 were significantly higher than those of the control(P<0.05),and their adaptability and resistance were better.The flowering period of Qiezihua and Changzuizihua was similar to that of the control,the number of flower buds and yield were significantly higher than those of the control(P<0.05),the flavonoids content of Changzuizihua was significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05),and the protein content of Qiezihua was significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05).Their content of other nutritional quality were not significantly different with that of the control(P>0.05),their adaptability and resistance were better.【Conclusion】Sanyuehua,Datonghuanghua and C1 had better performance in early maturity,flower bud weight,quality,and resistance,which were suitable for early production in Plastic Greenhouse.Qiezihua and Changzuizihua had better performance in yield,quality,and resistance,which were more suitable for drying and quick freezing production.