上海地区高龄慢性阻塞性疾病风险人群分布特征及死亡率分析

Survey on distribution characteristics and mortality of elderly population with risk of COPD in Shanghai

目的分析上海地区高龄慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)风险人群分布特征进行分析,并调查患者死亡率。方法选择2015年1月至2019年12月间上海地区年龄≥60岁的COPD监测数据;利用上海市疾病预防控制中心收集的上海市人口死因监测数据,分析高龄COPD死亡率相关数据。结果调查上海市2015—2019年间3894份高龄COPD风险人群的调查问卷,以城区患者占比较高;存在慢性咳痰、慢性咳嗽、呼吸困难等慢性呼吸道症状、既往或现有职业有害因素暴露、室内使用污染燃料、吸烟、儿童期严重呼吸系统感染等危险因素占比最高;两种危险因素COPD风险人群占比最高;自2015—2019年患者死亡率呈现明显的逐年降低趋势,随着患者年龄增大,其死亡率也随之明显升高。结论高龄COPD风险人群中以年龄因素分析城区、慢性呼吸道症状及危险因素暴露史、合并两种危险因素的COPD风险人群占比较高,自2015—2019年上海市COPD患者死亡率呈现明显的逐年降低趋势,随着患者年龄增大,其死亡率也随之明显升高。

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of elderly people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)risk in Shanghai,and to investigate the mortality of patients.Methods From January 2015 to December 2019,the COPD surveillance data of Shanghai residents aged not younger than 60 years old was selected.The mortality data of the Shanghai population collected by the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention was used to analyze the mortality data of the elderly with COPD.Results A total of 3894 questionnaires for elderly people with COPD risk were collected from 2015 to 2019 in Shanghai,and 879 COPD death data were collected during the same period.Patients in the urban area accounted for relatively a higher proportion.Presence of chronic respiratory symptoms such as chronic sputum,chronic cough,and dyspnea,past or existing exposure to occupational harmful factors,indoor use of polluted fuel,smoking,and severe childhood respiratory infections accounted for the highest proportion.The proportion of people with combined two risk factors of COPD was the highest.From 2015 to 2019,the mortality rate of COPD patients in Shanghai showed a significant year by year decline.Further analysis found that as the age of patients increased,their mortality rate also increased significantly.Conclusion Among the elderly at risk of COPD,the population in the urban area was at higher risk.The chronic respiratory symptoms,exposure history of risk factors,and the combination of two risk factors accounted for a relatively high proportion of the elderly at risk of COPD.From 2015 to 2019,the mortality rate of COPD patients in Shanghai significantly decreased year by year.The mortality rate also increased significantly with the age.