从“为什么不能发展”到“如何实现发展”:马克思主义经济发展思想的历史跨越

From“Why Can’t We Develop”to“How to Achieve Development”:the Historical Stride of Marxist Economic Development Thought

自"十月革命"以来,落后国家实现经济发展就是社会主义经济理论的中心议题。同时,由于很多二战后实现民族独立的国家也主动吸收和借鉴马克思主义经济理论指导经济发展,从20世纪中期以来,经济发展理论与社会主义政治经济学就形成了先天共生性,马克思主义经济发展思想在发展中国家迅速开花结果。伴随着经济社会的发展,马克思主义经济发展思想的研究议题逐步转变,尤其是中国改革开放后的经济社会发展成就,推动马克思主义经济发展思想逐步从"为什么不能发展"转向"如何实现发展",习近平新时代中国特色社会主义经济思想的形成则标志着中国社会主义经济理论在"如何实现发展"的议题上达到了新的历史高度。从"为什么不能发展"到"如何实现发展"的议题转换,正是中国经济学理论自信的生动体现,也为新时代中国特色社会主义政治经济学的理论建构指明了前进的方向。

Since the October Revolution,the economic development in the backward period has been the central issue of socialist economic theory.At the same time,because many countries which achieved national independence after World War II also actively introduced and applied the Marxist economic theory to guide economic development.Since the mid-20 th century,the economic development theory and socialist political economy have formed a congenital symbiosis,and the Marxist economic development thought has been rapidly blooming and yielding fruit in developing countries.Along with the development of economy and society,the research topics of Marx’s economic development thought have been gradually changing.Especially after China’s reform and opening up,economic and social development achievements have promoted Marx’s economic development thought gradually from"why can’t we develop"to"how to achieve development".Xi Jinping economic thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era are what marks the Chinese socialist economic theory has reached a new historical height on the issue of"how to achieve development".The topic conversion from"why can’t we develop"to"how to achieve development"is a vivid embodiment of the theoretical confidence of Chinese economic theory,and also points out the direction for the theoretical construction of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics for a new era.