规模依赖型政策、企业行为与资源配置

Size-dependent Policy,Firm Behavior and Resource Allocation

大企业管制政策和中小企业扶持政策在世界各地应用广泛。中国也在能源、环境等领域明确实施了大企业管制政策,并利用各种财税手段扶持中小企业发展。国际上新近兴起的“规模依赖型政策”(Size-dependent policy)研究正是对这种“控大”或“扶小”政策的全面评估。与以往研究不同,这一新兴的文献既考察了微观个体的行为(如大企业策略性地缩小规模以规避监管等),也利用结构模型量化地分析了政策的总体福利影响,揭示了由此可能造成的资源错配与效率损失。文章系统地梳理了规模依赖型政策的相关研究文献,从政策目标、实施方式、企业反应、福利影响等角度对相关研究进行了总结与评述。这既为全面评估中国的相关政策提供了文献准备,也给中国同类政策的制定者提供了参考。

Government policies that impose restrictions on large firms, or promote small ones, are widespread across countries. China has also regulated large firms on energy consumption and environmental protection, while providing fiscal and taxation support for small and medium-sized firms. The recent research on "size-dependent policy" provides a comprehensive assessment of such policies. These studies not only examine individual response(such as large firms’ strategic downsizing to avoid regulation), but also quantify the welfare implications of these policies with structural estimation. Moreover, they show the consequent resource misallocation and efficiency loss. This paper systematically reviews the literature on the size-dependent policy, and summarizes them in terms of purposes, implementation, firm response and welfare implications. This study may serve as a standard literature preparation for policy evaluation in China, and an important reference for Chinese policymakers.