客船客舱火灾及人员疏散仿真研究

Simulation research on passenger ship cabin fire and evacuation

文章针对客船客舱发生火灾时船上人员能否安全疏散的问题,选取某客船为研究对象,建立PyroSim客舱火灾模型,依照最不利原则选取4个着火点,设置初始条件,对火灾发展过程进行数值模拟。通过分析观测点A、B、C处能见度、温度和CO体积分数,确定最危险火灾场景,并计算各火灾场景下可用安全疏散时间(ASET),联合疏散模拟软件Pathfinder建立疏散模型,确定客舱人员的必需安全疏散时间(RSET),并依此对比判断人员的安全性。为进一步加强客船在设计、建造和航行过程中的火灾防控,为乘客在危急情况下的安全疏散提供支持。

Aiming at the problem of whether people on board can safely evacuate when a fire occurs in a passenger ship cabin,a passenger ship is selected as the research object,and a PyroSim cabin fire model is established.Four ignition points are selected according to the most unfavorable principle,and the initial conditions are set to simulate the fire development process.Analyze the visibility,temperature and CO concentration at observation points A,B,and C to determine the most dangerous fire scenario,and calculate the available safe evacuation time(ASET)in each fire scenario,and establish an evacuation model with the evacuation simulation software Pathfinder to determine the necessary safety of cabin personnel Evacuation time(RSET),and judge the safety of personnel based on this comparison,to further strengthen the fire prevention and control during the design,construction and navigation of passenger ships,and to provide support for the safe evacuation of passengers in critical situations.