从高频成语特点谈汉语综合教材成语选取问题

Study on Idiom Selection in Compiling of Comprehensive Chinese Textbooks Based on Analysis of High-frequency Idioms

对比国内通行度高的三套综合教材,成语在汉语综合教材中的选取方面存在如下问题:不同教材之间及教材与词汇大纲之间的成语选取数量、分布差异巨大,成语选取在难度控制、编排顺序方面无统一标准。本文通过提取高频成语,从语音、语法、感情色彩、意义等角度对比分析,提出成语选取的相关建议:多选取谓词性成语,标注成语词性,标注成语的内部结构关系,多选取具有褒义色彩的成语。

It is found through comparison of three sets of comprehensive Chinese textbooks commonly used in China that the problems in idiom selection for compiling Chinese textbooks include huge difference in quantity and distribution of idioms selected among different textbooks and between textbooks and lexical syllabus and lack of uniform standard for difficulty and arrangement of idioms.Based on a comparison analysis of high-frequency idioms in terms of voice,grammar,sentimental color and meaning,this paper gives reasonable suggestions on idiom selection for compiling comprehensive Chinese textbooks:selecting more predicative idioms,labeling the part of speech and the internal structural relation of idioms,and selecting more commendatory idioms.