助词“来着”在越南语中的对应形式

A Study on the Corresponding Form of the Auxiliary Word“laizhe”(来着)in Vietnamese

"来着"是现代汉语口语中常用的助词之一。它在越南语中有多种对应形式。一般情况下,越南语以"■"(已经)来对应陈述句、反问句中的"来着",以"■"(啊)来对应特指问句中的"来着"。当时间词语具有[+刚才]时,越南语会以"■"(刚)、"■"(刚)、"■"(刚刚)来对应陈述句、反问句中的"来着"。当谓语动词前有副词"还""光",或"来着"所属的分句具有对比的隐含义且谓语动词前有能愿动词"想",越南语会以零形式来对应陈述句中的"来着"。通过汉语与越南语的对比研究证明,陈述句末尾的"来着"是时体助词,而疑问句末尾的"来着"是语气词的观点是更符合语言事实的分类。

"Laizhe"(来着)is one of the auxiliary words commonly used in modern Chinese spoken language.It has many corresponding forms in Vietnamese.In general,Vietnamese uses"■"to correspond to"laizhe"(来着)in declarative sentences and rhetorical sentences,and"■"to correspond to"laizhe"(来着)in specific questioning.When the time word has[+just now],Vietnamese will use"■","■","■"to correspond to"laizhe"(来着)in declarative sentences and rhetorical sentences.When the predicate verb is preceded by the adverbs"hai"(还)and"guang"(光),or the clause to which"laizhe"(来着)belongs has a contrasting implicit meaning and the predicate verb has the modal verb"xiang"(想),Vietnamese will correspond to the zero"laizhe"(来着).A comparative study between Chinese and Vietnamese proves that"laizhe"(来着)at the end of a declarative sentence is a tense auxiliary,while"laizhe"(来着)at the end of a question sentence is a mood word,which is more in line with the classification of linguistic facts.