《体育法》修改理念重塑和篇章重构

Reconstruction of Concept and Chapter Structure in the Revision of People’s Republic of China Sports Law

现行《体育法》存在权利彰显不足、执行力弱、无法适应体育事业快速发展和各类体育融合发展的时代要求等弊端。通过比较分析《教育法》与现行《体育法》的篇章结构和立法观念,认为现行《体育法》未体现以体育主体的权利义务为中心的立法观念,是其执行力低、法律性差的根本原因。现行《体育法》以体育类别为基础的学校体育、竞技体育、社会体育“三板块”结构已不能适应我国体育事业高速发展的形势,在现有基础上进行局部修改难以彻底解决现行《体育法》的弊端。《体育法》修改应构建以体育基本制度为先导,以体育主体权利和义务为中心的篇章结构,实现由以行政权力为导向的管理型立法向以权利确认为导向的维权型立法的转变,以增强立法的科学性、时代性、前瞻性,实现以制度为基础的体育治理体系和治理能力的现代化。

There exist the problems in the present People’s Republic of China Sports Law including lack of legal rights,poor execution,and inability to follow the rapid and integrative development in sports if only partial revision.Compared with Education Law in the aspects of structure chapters and legislative concept,the study holds that Sports Law fails to center on the rights and obligations of sports subject,which leads to the poor execution of the law.The current"tri-plates structure",i.e.school sports,competitive sports and social sports,which is based on the sport categories,is no longer fit for the rapid sport growth in China,therefore make it difficult for the partial revision.The revision of Sports Law should be based on the basic sports systems,with the rights and obligations of the sports subject as the focus.In so doing the legislation would be changed from administrative power oriented management to safeguard the people's livelihood through legal rights confirmation.And with its scientific,epochal and prospective nature,the modernization of system-based sports governance system and governance capacity could be finally realized.