不同感觉条件干扰对自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员平衡控制能力的影响

Influence of Different Sensory Disturbance on the Balance ControlAbility of Freestyle Skiing Athletes

目的探讨躯体感觉、视觉对自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员(以下简称“运动员”)平衡控制能力的影响。方法利用平衡盘和Metitur平衡分析系统,对20名(男、女各10名)运动员进行平衡控制能力的抗干扰测试。选取人体压力中心的侧方向平均移动速度Vx和前后方向平均移动速度Vy为测试指标。采用2(性别:男、女)×2(站立方式:左腿和右腿站立)×4(感觉条件:睁眼、闭眼、睁眼+平衡盘、闭眼+平衡盘)三因素重复测量方差分析进行统计检验。结果①各因素的主效应均存在显著差异(P<0.05),站立方式×感觉条件的交互作用在Vy上有显著差异(P<0.05);②各种感觉条件均造成平衡控制能力显著降低(P<0.01),降低程度为,闭眼+平衡盘>睁眼+平衡盘>闭眼>睁眼;③躯体感觉对侧方向稳定性Vx的干扰显著大于前后方向稳定性Vy(P<0.01);④躯体感觉对男子右腿的干扰显著大于左腿(P<0.05);⑤双重感觉干扰显著大于单一感觉干扰(P<0.01)。结论躯体感觉和视觉干扰均会降低运动员的平衡控制能力,其中躯体感觉干扰更为严重。

Objective To explore the influence of somatosensory and visual sense on balance control ability of freestyle skiing aerial athletes.Methods Using the Balance Disc and Finland Metitur Postural Balance Measuring System,20 athletes(10 males and 10 females)were tested for anti-interference of balance control ability;the lateral stability Vx,the front and back stability Vy of the human body pressure center were selected as the test indicators.According to gender(male,female),standing pattern(left leg or right leg)and sensory conditions(4 kinds of conditions),the 3 factors,the three-way ANOVA(2×2×4)with repeated measures was used to test the influence of different factors on the difference of balance control abilities.Results①There was a significant difference in the main effect of each factor(P<0.05),and a significant difference in the interaction between standing pattern and sensory condition(P<0.05);②All kinds of sensory conditions significantly reduced the ability of balance control(P<0.01),with the reduction degree of closed eyes with balance disc>open eyes with balance disc>closed eyes>open eyes.③The somatosensory interference with side stability Vx interference was significantly higher than that of the front and back stability Vy(P<0.01);④The somatosensory interference of the right leg was significantly greater than that of the left leg(P<0.05).⑤Double sensory interference was significantly higher than that of single sensory interference(P<0.01).Conclusion The interference of somatosensory and vision seriously reduces the balance control ability of athletes,and the somatosensory is more serious.