论广播组织权保护模式的困境与出路——基于“以信号为基础的方法”进路

On the Dilemma and Outlet of Right Protection Mode of Broadcasting Organizations:Based on the Signal-based Approach

广播组织权的客体是广播信号,但广播组织权的内容设定却始终没有遵循“以信号为基础的方法”。由于广播过程中只存在广播信号,广播节目尚未形成,因此节目保护模式无法规制信号盗播行为。线性节目保护模式为了避免节目保护模式面临的困境,将广播组织权的保护对象认定为线性排列的广播节目,但由于广播具有信号与内容不可分的特点,使得线性节目保护模式又落入了节目保护模式的窠臼。而信号保护模式将广播组织权的保护对象认定为传输过程中的广播信号,广播组织在广播之前的劳动只是为了更好地实现传播功能。只有采用信号保护模式才能维系各方主体间的利益平衡,保护广播组织的传播利益,打击信号盗播行为。

The object of broadcast organization right is broadcast signal,but the set of the contents of broadcasting organization right are not based on the signal-based method.During broadcasting,only the broadcast signal exists and the broadcast program has not yet taken shape,so the program protection mode cannot regulate the behavior of signal stealing.The linear program protection mode regards the object of protection of broadcast organization right as the broadcast program with linear arrangement.Because of the inseparability of signal and content,the linear program protection mode falls into the pattern of program protection mode again.In the signal protection mode,the protected object of the broadcast organization right is identified as the broadcast signal during transmission.The labor of broadcasting organizations before broadcasting is just to better realize the function of communication.Only adopting the signal protection mode can maintain the balance of interests among all parties,protect the dissemination interests of broadcasting organizations and crack down on signal stealing broadcast behavior.