植物性添加剂对牛的抗菌作用

Antibacterial effect of plant feed additives on calves

草本植物提取物或其具有抗菌特性的次生代谢物可能具有与各种抗菌素饲料添加剂类似的作用,可抑制致病菌的生长,提高健康和生产性能。大部分与犊牛相关的植物提取物研究工作主要针对酚类化合物和精油,少数涉及萜烯类、皂苷类、单宁类、黄酮类、有机酸、复合碳水化合物和非蛋白质氨基酸。植物次生代谢产物具有多种抗菌机制,包括细胞膜破坏、酶抑制、底物剥夺和防止细菌定植等。然而,使用草药提取物或植物代谢物作为牛的抗菌素饲料添加剂,在剂量、水平、适应时间、相互作用、分析方法和公共卫生安全方面仍存在许多挑战。本文综述了各类草本植物提取物的研究进展,这些成分已被广泛应用或对犊牛的营养补充有一定益处。

Herbal extracts or secondary metabolites with antibacterial properties may have similar effects with various antimicrobial feed additives,which has a positive effect on health.Most of the plant extract research related to calves focuses on phenolic compounds and essential oils,with a few involving terpenes,saponins,tannins,flavonoids,organic acids,complex carbohydrates and non-protein amino acids.Plant secondary metabolites have a variety of antibacterial mechanisms,including cell membrane destruction,enzyme inhibition,substrate deprivation and bacterial colonization.However,the use of herbal extracts or plant metabolites as antimicrobial feed additives for cattle still presents many challenges in terms of dose,level,adaptation time,interactions,analytical methods,and public health safety.This paper reviews the research progress of plant derived antimicrobial components,plant secondary metabolites or plant extracts,which have been widely used or are beneficial to calf nutrition.