植物精油对饲喂高浓缩饲料肉牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵和血液代谢物的影响

Effects of plant essential oil on performance,rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of beef cattle fed with high concentration feed

文章旨在探讨植物精油(百里香和肉桂精油)对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及血液代谢物的影响。试验采用完全随机设计方法,选取平均初始体重为(213±17)kg的荷斯坦肉牛24头,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复2头。对照组饲喂基础浓缩日粮,处理组分别在基础日粮中添加5 g/d/头百里香和肉桂精油,试验共进行6周。结果:日粮添加植物精油对肉牛的平均日增重、平均日采食量、饲料报酬、瘤胃pH、瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸和氨氮浓度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。百里香和肉桂组乙酸浓度及乙酸与丙酸比值较对照组显著降低了10.03%、9.01%和24.69%、19.66%(P<0.05),而丙酸浓度分别提高了19.84%和13.76%(P<0.05)。此外,肉桂精油组丁酸含量较对照组显著提高了14.28%(P<0.05)。各组肉牛血浆葡萄糖、尿素氮、甘油三酯、胆固醇和β-羟基丁酸浓度及谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论:百里香和肉桂精油通过降低瘤胃乙酸浓度、提高丙酸浓度来改善瘤胃的发酵潜力。百里香或肉桂精油可作为控制瘤胃微生物发酵的适宜添加剂,有替代抗生素用于反刍动物营养的潜力。

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of essential oils(thyme and cinnamon)on growth performance,rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in beef cattle.A total of 24 Holstein beef cattle with an average initial weight of(213±17)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates and 2 replicates.The control group was fed a basal concentrated diet,and the treatment group was fed a basal enriched diet with 5 g/d/head of thyme and cinnamon essential oil,respectively.The experiment lasted for 6 weeks.Results:there was no significant effect on average daily weight gain,average daily intake,feed reward,rumen pH value,rumen volatile fatty acid and ammonia nitrogen concentration of beef cattle(P>0.05).The acetic acid concentration and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in the thyme and cinnamon groups were significantly reduced by 10.03%,9.01%,24.69%and 19.66%(P<0.05),while the propionic acid concentration was increased by 19.84%and 13.76%(P<0.05).In addition,the content of butyric acid in cinnamon essential oil group was significantly increased by 14.28%compared with the control group(P<0.05).The plasma glucose,urea nitrogen,triglyceride,cholesterol and hydroxybutyric acid concentrations of beef cattle in each group,as well as the activities of alanine aminotransferase and glutamate aminotransferase,had no significant effect(P>0.05).Conclusion:thyme and cinnamon essential oil can improve the fermentation potential of rumen by reducing the concentration of acetic acid and increasing the concentration of propionic acid.Thyme or cinnamon essential oil can be used as an appropriate additive to control rumen microbial fermentation and has the potential to replace antibiotics for ruminant nutrition.