2010-2019年大理白族自治州传染病突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture during 2010-2019

目的分析大理白族自治州(简称大理州)传染病突发公共卫生事件的流行特征,为制定防控策略提供参考依据。方法收集国家“突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统”中大理州2010—2019年传染病突发公共卫生事件相关信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2010—2019年大理州共报告传染病突发公共卫生事件78起,发病2758例,罹患率5.70%。事件以一般事件和丙类传染病为主,报告起数最多的地区是大理市(45起),经空间自相关分析,各县市无空间聚集性(Moran's I=-0.176,P=0.063)。事件主要集中在4~6月和10~12月,传播途径以呼吸道传染病为主,报告前3位的病种分别是水痘(26起)、手足口病(18起)和流感(16起),主要发生在农村地区和学校。结论大理州传染病突发公共卫生事件防控形势严峻,事件主要以呼吸道传染病为主,加强农村地区和学校传染病防控是预防和控制传染病突发公共卫生事件的关键。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious diseases,and to provide reference for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods The information of public health emergencies in Dali Prefecture from 2010 to 2019 was collected from National Public Health Emergency Reporting System,and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results A total of 78 public health emergencies of infectious diseases were reported in Dali Prefecture from 2010 to 2019,with 2758 cases and an attack rate of 5.70%.The incidents were dominated by general incidents and type C infectious diseases.The most reported area was Dali City(45 cases).After spatial autocorrelation analysis,there was no spatial clustering among cities(Moran's I=-0.176,P=0.063).The incidents were mainly concentrated in April to June and October to December,the main route of transmission was respiratory infectious diseases,and the top three reported diseases were Chickenpox(26 cases),hand foot and mouth disease(18cases)and influenza(16 cases),which mainly occurred in rural areas and schools.Conclusions The situation of prevention and control of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in Dali Prefecture is severe.The incidents are mainly respiratory infectious diseases.Strengthening the prevention and control of infectious diseases in rural areas and schools is the key to prevent and control the public health emergencies of infectious diseases.