天然林保护工程生态恢复的时空特征及评价

Spatio-temporal Characteristics and Evaluation of Ecological Restoration of Natural Forest Protection Project

以天然林保护工程生态恢复为切入点,利用2004—2016年天然林保护工程区15个省市的数据评价分析天保工程生态恢复效果的时空特征。结果表明:天然林保护工程区的生态恢复效果逐年增长且整体表现良好,但在实施过程仍然需要注意平衡天然林管护、水土保持、自然保护区与资金之间的关系;根据生态恢复效果可将天然林保护工程区划分为生态风险降低、生态状况改善、生态恢复能力增强3类从而有针对性地开展后续工作。最后,围绕加强天然林基础管护、因区施策、完善天保制度与法规等问题展开讨论,并提出坚持优化天然林管护制度并强化政策落实,适度发展天然林生态产业,健全奖惩、培训、监管制度与法规建设等建议。

⑴Background——As one of the country's six major ecological projects,the natural forest protection project has been implemented for 20 years.According to the plan,released by the State Council recently,a mechanism for forest protection and restoration will be built for all of the country's natural forests by 2020.⑵Methods——Finally,the discussion on ecological restoration of natural forest protection project is put forward.According to the status quo of the Natural Forest Protection Project,simple statistical data analysis method is adopted to select the evaluation index of natural forest ecological restoration,and the difference of temporal and spatial characteristics are analyzed from the perspective of ecological restoration.⑶Results——Using the data of the natural forest protection project area from 2004 to 2016,combined with the current situation of the implementation of the natural forest protection project in 15 provinces and cities,the temporal and spatial characteristics of the ecological restoration effect of the natural forest protection project are evaluated and analyzed.The results show that the ecological restoration effect of the Natural forest protection project takes a fluctuating trend,rising from 39.02 in 2004 to 56.83 in 2016.The weighted average weight of ecological risk index of each province is 0.111,followed by ecological status of 0.105,ecological restoration support capacity of 0.094,and ecological restoration capacity of 0.080.It is necessary to balance the relationship between natural forest management and protection,soil and water conservation,nature reserves and funds.According to the effect of ecological restoration,15 provinces and cities are divided into three categories:the reduction of ecological risk,the improvement of ecological condition and the enhancement of ecological restoration ability.The ecological restoration efficiency of Ningxia and Xinjiang is more than 63.5,with excellent performance in all aspects,showing a trend of strengthening the ability of ecological restoration.The ecological restoration efficiency values of Heilongjiang,Qinghai,Shanxi,Guizhou,Hubei,Hainan,Inner Mongolia,Shaanxi and Jilin are between 50.0 and 63.5.In the meantime,the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project in 9 provinces can reflect the improvement of ecological conditions.The ecological restoration efficiency of Chongqing,Gansu,Sichuan,and Yunnan is less than 50,which can only maintain the reduction of ecological risk.There is an urgent need to strengthen management and optimize the allocation of resources in terms of personnel,funds,technology and other aspects to achieve the optimal status of natural forest protection and ecological restoration according to the development of local characteristics as soon as possible.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——The management and protection of natural forest should be taken as the main measures to improve the effect of ecological restoration of natural forest.It is necessary to constantly optimize the systems of natural forest management and protection,natural forest restoration and natural forest supervision,and strengthen and ensure the implementation of policies on natural forest protection and ecological restoration.Secondly,it needs to be divided into different ecological restoration areas according to the existing situation.In the case of protecting the local ecological environment,the appropriate development of eco-tourism,forest conservation and carbon sequestration market will provide important development ideas and new directions for the ecological restoration of natural forests.In addition to clarifying the natural forest management and protection responsibilities and establishing a strict reward and punishment system,it is also necessary to improve the forest protection personnel training system,strengthen investment in infrastructure,create an atmosphere for the protection of natural forests throughout the society,and establish a sound reward and punishment system.Finally,according to the current information and data,the research on ecological restoration of the natural forest protection project requires a rich index system to establish a more comprehensive and standardized evaluation index system.