天保工程财政投入对林区民生发展水平影响研究

Research on the Impact of Financial Input of Natural Forest Protection Project on the Development Level of People's Livelihood in Forest Areas

以东北、内蒙古等重点国有林区和长江上游、黄河上中游地区为例,从职工收入、职工就业以及社会保障3方面出发,分析2009—2018年天保工程财政投入对林区民生发展水平的影响。结果表明:天保工程财政投入在推动林区职工收入水平逐步提升、促进林区职工就业呈多元化发展、完善林区职工社会保障水平3方面发挥着重要的正向作用。但是,天保工程财政投入对拓宽林区就业渠道和扩大基本养老保险、医疗保险参保人员覆盖范围等方面还有待进一步优化。因此,应该加大财政投入力度,优化财政支出结构;促进职工多元就业,提供人才资源保障;增加养老医疗投入,提升社会保障水平;积极调整职工心态,助力工程顺利实施,以期实现天保工程生态和民生双赢。

⑴Background——In order to protect natural forest resources,China began to implement the Natural forest protection project in 1998 and officially launched in 2000.In 2011,the second phase of the Natural forest protection project focused on improving people's livelihood in forest areas.⑵Methods——Descriptive statistics are used to analyze the effects of financial investment in the first and second phases of the Natural Forest Protection Project on the income,employment and social security of workers in forest areas.Combined with the policy environment of Natural forest protection project,this paper analyzes the relevant reasons,and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions,so as to provide reference for reasonably formulating the financial investment policy of Natural forest protection project and further promoting the development of people's livelihood in forest areas.⑶Results——The financial investment in the Natural forest protection project increased from 8.173 billion yuan in 2009 to 39.568 billion yuan in 2018,with the highest growth rate in 2011,indicating that the financial investment in the second phase of the Natural forest protection project has been greatly improved compared with the first phase of the Natural forest protection project,and shows a continuous upward trend of development.Through the analysis of the impact of financial investment in the Natural forest protection project on the development level of people's livelihood in forest areas:Firstly,the total per capita wages of on-duty workers in the Natural forest protection project showed a continuous upward trend from 2012 to 2018.With the continuous improvement of the level of financial investment in the Natural forest protection project,the relevant subsidies for on-duty workers in forest areas have also increased,and the surplus workers in forest areas have been properly resettled,promoting the income level of forest workers to be gradually improved.Secondly,the number of personnel per unit in the project area shows a fluctuating and declining trend from 2009 to 2018,and the central government has further increased its financial investment in the Natural forest protection project,broadened the employment channels of forest workers in many ways,and encouraged forest workers to actively carry out diversified management modes and promote the diversified development of the employment of workers in forest areas.Thirdly,from 2009 to 2018,the number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance and medical insurance of the natural insurance project showed a downward trend,while the amount of social insurance investment and the living expenses of retirees showed a rising trend.By further increasing the financial investment in the Natural forest protection project,especially in social insurance subsidies,it has promoted the implementation of a number of insurance subsidy policies for forest workers,and further improved the social security level of forest workers.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——It should be noted that at the end of 2009-2018,the number of units in the Natural forest protection project areas continued to decrease,and so did the number of people participating in old-age insurance and medical insurance.The financial investment in the Natural forest protection project needs to be further optimized in broadening the employment channels in forest areas and expanding the coverage of basic old-age insurance and medical insurance.We should further increase financial input and optimize the structure of financial expenditure.It is necessary to actively carry out diversified economy and promote the diversified employment of workers.At the same time,it is necessary to increase the investment in old-age health care and improve the level of social security.And we should actively help to adjust the mentality of workers and help the smooth implementation of the project,in order to achieve a win-win situation of Natural forest protection project ecology and people's livelihood.