东北国有林区天保工程二期民生影响评价

Evaluation on the Impact of the Second Phase of Natural Forest Protection Project on People's Livelihood in Northeast State-owned Forest Region

以黑龙江省国有林区为例,根据2015—2018年对林区职工展开调查的数据,从收入、消费、就业、社会保障、公共服务、居住环境6个层面对林区职工民生进行评价分析。结果表明:在天保工程期间特别是在天保工程二期期间,东北国有林区民生状况持续改善、趋势良好;职工工资年增长率高于城镇职工,但仍未达到城镇职工的水平;职工就业满意度和医疗满意度都未达到“比较满意”水平;职工居住条件虽有改善,但人均居住面积过小。因此,建议打造精锐、专业的生态护林员队伍,加大国有林区医院改革的资金投入,设计多元化与市场化相结合的住房以满足职工的实际住房需求。

⑴Background——The northeast state-owned forest region is the implementation area of the natural forest resources protection project.It has experienced pilot projects,Phase I and Phase II.The year of 2020 is the closing year of the Natural forest protection project.How to improve people's livelihood needs to be investigated and answered.⑵Methods——By taking descriptive statistical analysis method,this paper analyzes the improvement of people's livelihood in state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang in recent years,and makes a horizontal comparative analysis of the people's livelihood data of urban workers in Heilongjiang in 2018.⑶Results——During the second phase of Natural forest protection project,the annual wage growth rate of workers in state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang was higher than that of urban workers in Heilongjiang,but it still did not reach the level of the latter.In 2018,the average annual wage of workers in state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang was only 54.8%of that of urban workers in Heilongjiang.The overall employment situation of state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang Province has improved significantly.Especially,the quality of employment has been greatly improved with an increase of 45.53%per month from 2015 to 2018.The percent is from 8.06 per month in 2015 to 11.73 per month in 2018.Employment satisfaction is also increasing year by year,but employees'satisfaction with their employment has not reached the level of“relatively satisfactory”.The social insurance participation rate of workers in state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang is steadily increasing.In 2018,the participation rate of medical insurance is 98.10%,which is 1.16 percentage points higher than that of old-age insurance,and the participation rate of medical insurance has exceeded the average level of national basic medical insurance.The average education level of workers in state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang 12.72,which exceeds the target value of the national The Thirteenth Five-Year Plan,and the medical satisfaction of workers is low,which is lower than the satisfaction of education and infrastructure.During the second phase of natural forest protection project,the state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang implemented shantytown renovation project.And the living conditions were improved,but the per capita living area was too small,which was only 65.21%of the living area of urban workers in Heilongjiang.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——This paper proposes to take the state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang as a pilot to train the forest workers into a team of ecological rangers with streamlined personnel,high technical quality and national demonstration function.At the same time,the central government increased its investment in the protection and restoration of natural forests.It is suggested to take the ecological rangers decent jobs in state-owned forest regions and to make their wages reach or even exceed the local average wage.For medical problems,it is proposed that the central government should take state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang as a pilot by injecting reform funds,taking the funds to improve the treatment of medical staff,increasing investment in medical equipment,and strengthening supervision and management of medical institutions,etc.,so as to make the new forest hospitals become a model for the reform of state-owned forest regions in Northeast China.For the problem that the per capita living area in forest regions is too small,the combination of housing design diversification and marketization can be adopted to meet the actual housing needs of workers.