天保工程对国有林区林业产业结构变迁的影响研究

Study on the Impact of Natural Forest Protection Project on the Change of Forestry Industrial Structure in State-owned Forest Areas

采用2010—2018年黑龙江省国有林区林业产业数据,分析实施天保工程二期对国有林区林业产业总体结构与三次产业内部结构变动产生的影响。结果表明:天保工程二期的实施使得黑龙江省的林业产业综合效益得到提升,产业结构由“二、一、三”转变为“三、一、二”;但在天保工程二期收官之际,黑龙江省国有林区林业产业存在林木育种和育苗产业人才匮乏、第二产业发展过度依赖木材原材料、林业基础产业未受到足够重视等问题。鉴于此,建议进一步加强林木种苗培育工作,延伸林下经济产业链,共同发展森林生态旅游与康养产业。

⑴Background——During the second period of the Natural forest protection project,a series of policy documents were put forward,which played a promoting role in strengthening the construction of ecological environment,cultivating forest resources and promoting the sustainable development of forestry economy.⑵Methods——Using the chart of descriptive analysis,this paper compares the output value of forestry industry in 2010 and 2018,and analyzes the impact of the implementation of the second phase of Natural forest protection project on the change of industrial structure.⑶Results——The implementation of the second phase of the Natural Forest Protection Project has led to a continuous increase in the total output value of the forestry industry.In 2010,the output value of forestry primary industry,secondary industry and tertiary industry in the state-owned forest areas of Heilongjiang was 13.392 billion Yuan,13.915 billion Yuan and 7.095 billion Yuan respectively.It can be seen that the forestry industrial structure has changed from“secondary industry,primary industry and tertiary industry”to“tertiary industry,primary industry and secondary industry”,and the industrial structure has been rationalized.In the primary forestry industry,the proportion of the output value of the timber mining industry decreased from 68.391%in 2010 to 0.069%in 2018,while that of the planting and collection industry of economic forest products increased from 23.627%in 2010 to 81.625%in 2018.It can be seen that the planting and collection industry of economic forest products has gradually replaced the wood mining industry as the dominant industry of the primary industry,so that forest resources can be protected.It has also stabilized the economic development of the primary industry.In the secondary industry of forestry,affected by policies such as a total ban on logging,the scale of the wood processing industry decreased by 20%in 2018 compared with 2010,but the industrial output value of non-wood forest products increased from 49 million Yuan in 2010 to 410 million Yuan in 2018,indicating that the non-wood forest products industry still has more room for development.In the forestry tertiary industry,the forestry tourism and leisure service industry is the leading industry.In 2018,the industrial output value accounted for 90.261%of the forestry tertiary industry.The development scale is relatively large,but the development scale of other industries is smaller,and the proportion of output value is less than 10%.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——After the implementation of the second phase of the Natural forest protection project,there is a shortage of talents in forest breeding and seedling industry in the primary industry of the state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang.The development of the secondary industry is excessively dependent on wood raw materials,and the forestry basic industry in the tertiary industry has not received enough attention.Therefore,relevant suggestions are put forward:First,to strengthen the cultivation of forest seedlings.On the basis of suitable land and suitable trees,we should improve the level of seedling cultivation through new technologies,and improve the quantity and quality of technical personnel.Second,to extend the economic industrial chain under the forest.Enterprises are suggested to constantly increase scientific and technological investment in the deep processing of non-wood forest products,to provide a comprehensive social service system,and to constantly enhance the participation of consumers.Local governments should also play an active guiding role in the efficient use of forest resources and promote the development of forestry secondary industry by enhancing the added value of non-wood forest products.Third,to promote the common development of forest eco-tourism industry and health care industry,it is necessary to plan and layout the forest areas and to enhance the happiness of tourists.In addition,it is required to carry on the publicity and promotion,maintain the ecological environment and promote the economic development of the forestry industry because it is the inevitable trend of the tourism industry.