重点国有林区职工林下经济创业潜力及支持路径研究

Study on Economic Entrepreneurship Potential and Support Path of Non-timber Forest-based Industry in the Key State-owned Forest Areas

以天保工程实施为背景,采用文献研究法、定量研究法和定性研究法,分析重点国有林区职工个体特征和林区林业投资环境,探讨林区职工林下经济创业的潜力和支持路径。结果表明:天保工程实施以来,重点国有林区职工逐步形成了林下经济创业意愿;职工的人力和社会资本、森林资源优势、林下经济产品市场前景、政府政策支撑是林区职工参与林下经济创业的潜力来源;林区职工在创业资金筹集、技术创新和市场开拓方面存在一定困难,应从产业布局、产业闭环、产业资本、产业技术等多个角度为其创业提供路径支持。

⑴Background——The implementation of the Natural forest protection project not only affects the income of employees in key state-owned forest areas,but also creates opportunities for them to start their own businesses.It has certain practical value to study whether the employees in key state-owned forest areas can improve their family income through starting their own businesses.⑵Methods——This paper comprehensively uses the methods of literature research,quantitative research and qualitative research to establish a general discussion framework of entrepreneurial potential and supporting path of employees in key state-owned forest areas.⑶Results——Since the implementation of the Natural forest protection project,China's forest coverage has continued to rise,from 18.21%in 2003 to 22.96%in 2018.Overall,it increased by 4.75 percentage points.This is a great achievement.However,the implementation of the Natural forest protection project has reduced the economic benefits of key state-owned forest enterprises,resulting in unemployment of some employees and affecting their family income.From 2011 to 2018,the average annual salary of employees in key state-owned forest areas was only half of that of urban employees in the country.Taking 2018 as an example,the average annual salary of employees in key state-owned forest areas is 0.042 million yuan,and that of urban employees is 0.082 million yuan.Participating in economic entrepreneurship relating to non-timber forest-based industry is a feasible choice for many forest employees to increase their family income.The following six factors are the main driving force for forest employees to start their own businesses.First,the employees in key state-owned forest areas have gradually formed the willingness to start an undertaking in non-timber forest-based industry,which is the guarantee for them to overcome the difficulties of entrepreneurship.Second,the human and social capital of employees in key state-owned forest areas are the objective advantages of employees,which can provide support for their entrepreneurship.Third,the forest has a strong resource supply capacity,which can provide abundant non-timber forest-based products and services.Fourth,the market demand gap of non-timber forest-based products and services is large,and the market prospect is broad.Fifth,the policy strongly supports the economic development of non-timber forest-based products and services and provides many support policies.Sixth,the rural revitalization strategy also provides opportunities for economic development of non-timber forest-based products and services.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——The Natural forest protection project is an adjustment of the traditional forestry economic development model,and has a certain impact on the posts and income of employees in key state-owned forest areas.Improving the household income of employees in key state-owned forest areas is a long-term challenge for the Natural forest protection project.However,opportunities and challenges always go hand in hand.The Natural forest protection project also provides an opportunity for employees in key state-owned forest areas to start their own businesses.To explore a low-cost and efficient entrepreneurial support path is a feasible attempt to guide forest employees to participate in the economic development of non-timber forest-based products and services so as to improve family income.In order to improve the entrepreneurial performance of entrepreneurs,four supporting paths for forest employees are put forward.First,when the government carries out the economic and industrial layout of non-timber forest-based industry,it should give full play to the regional advantages of the state-owned forest areas.Second,the government and entrepreneurs should strive to form a professional division of labor and industrial closed loop.Third,external industrial capital should be introduced to promote the internal and external circulation of key state-owned forest areas.Fourth,industrial technological innovation should be encouraged to improve the added value of products of non-timber forest-based industry.