90份油棕种质资源主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis on the Major Agronomic Traits of 90 Oil Palm Germplasms

为了对油棕种质资源进行深入、高效的利用,本研究对新引进的9个油棕品种,90份油棕种质资源的20个农艺性状进行田间观测和记录,分析其遗传多样性及亲缘关系。结果表明:90份材料果穗重的遗传多样性指数最高(3.26),最小的为果实形状(0.865)。不同性状的变异系数不同,最大的为果穗重(43.99),茎高的变异系数最小(10.41)。通过主成分分析提取了5个主要因子,分别为株高、果穗重、果实总重量、果肉含油率及种仁含油率,累计贡献率为70.272%。通过聚类分析,将供试材料分为4大类群,其中类群I的36份油棕材料总体表现为矮株、矮茎、产油量高、棕榈油品质较好的品种,是选育高含油量、高品质棕榈油的理想材料。

In order to make deep and efficient use of oil palm germplasm resources,the genetic diversity and relationship of 90 oil palm germplasm resources introduced in recent years were analyzed based on 20 agronomic traits.The results showed that the genetic diversity index of ear weight was the highest(3.26),and the smallest was fruit shape(0.865).The variation coefficient of different characters was different,the biggest was ear weight(43.99),and the smallest was stem height(10.41).Five main factors were extracted by principal component analysis which were plant height factor,ear weight,fruit weight,flesh oil content and kernel oil content,and the cumulative contribution rate was 70.272%.Through cluster analysis,the tested materials were divided into four groups,among which 36 oil palm materials of group I showed dwarf plant,dwarf stem,high oil yield and good quality of palm oil,which were ideal materials for breeding high oil content and high quality palm oil.