论美国主权豁免中商业例外条款对中国的影响与应对

On the Influence and Response of the Commercial Exception Clause of American Sovereign Immunity on China

美国《外国主权豁免法》中商业例外条款在司法实践中应用广泛。越来越多的中国企业参与到海外商业活动中,而美国是中国海外项目的重要市场,美国主权豁免中商业例外条款对我国政府及企业的影响不容小觑。奥地利联邦铁路公司案是近年来美国在适用该条款最具代表性的案例,从中可以折射出法官对于商业例外条款的主体资格、商业行为及直接联系的认定标准更多地考虑美国的政治利益。本文研究提出了我国政府及企业面对未来可能出现的诉讼应采取的应对策略。

The commercial exception clause in the Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act of the United States is widely used in judicial practice.The Chinese government and state-owned enterprises are more and more involved in overseas business activities directly where the United States as an important market for China's overseas projects.It can not be underestimated the impact of commercial exception clause of US sovereign immunity on Chinese government and enterprises.There are different standards for the application of commercial exceptions in judicial practice of the United States federal court.The Federal Railway Corporation of Austria case is one typical case of applying this provision in the Supreme Court of the United States in recent years.The criteria of American commercial judge's qualification can be reflected from the standard of American commercial behavior.Chinese government and enterprises should act positively to deal with the possible litigation in the future.