Al/Bi2O3⁃HNIW复合物的制备及其性能

Preparation and Properties of Al/Bi2O3⁃HNIW Hybrid Composites

为了探索纳米铝热剂‑猛炸药复合物代替传统起爆药的可能性,以纳米Al粉、纳米Bi2O3、工业级六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)以及纳米HNIW为原料,采用溶剂‑非溶剂(Solvent‑nonsolvent Method,SN)和物理混合(Physical Mixing Method,PM)两种方法分别制备了Al/Bi2O3‑HNIW复合物,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、密闭爆发器试验、铅板试验等对制备的复合物性能进行表征和测试。结果表明,采用溶剂‑非溶剂法制备的复合物中Al/Bi2O3均匀地包覆在HNIW表面,Al/Bi2O3与HNIW的质量比为3∶7时,结合压力‑时间特性曲线,Al/Bi2O3‑HNIW(SN)复合物的增压速率为2.914 GPa·s-1,约为Al/Bi2O3‑HNIW(PM)的三倍,且升压时间短;其静电感度明显低于斯蒂芬酸铅(Lead Styphnate,LS)和叠氮化铅(Lead Azide,LA),甚至低于猛炸药太安(PETN);采用太安(PETN)作为过渡药,Al/Bi2O3‑HNIW(SN)能够可靠起爆黑索今(RDX)装药。采用溶剂‑非溶剂法制备的Al/Bi2O3‑HNIW因其优异的安全性和起爆性能,有望作为雷管起爆药替代物使用。

In order to explore the possibility of substituting nanothermite‑explosive hybrid composites for primary explosive,nano‑Al,nano‑Bi2O3,raw HNIW and nano‑HNIW were used to prepare Al/Bi2O3‑HNIW by two methods:solvent‑nonsolvent method(SN)and physical mixing method(PM).The properties of Al/Bi2O3‑HNIW were characterized and tested by scanning electron microscope(SEM),X‑ray diffractometer(XRD),X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),closed bomb test and lead plate test.Results show that Al/Bi2O3 is uniformly coated on the surface of HNIW by SN.The optimal mass ratio of Al/Bi2O3 to HNIW for Al/Bi2O3‑HNIW(SN)is 3∶7,with a high pressurization rate of 2.914 GPa·s-1,which is triple of Al/Bi2O3‑HNIW(PM),and the pressurization time is shorter.The electrostatic sensitivity of Al/Bi2O3‑HNIW(SN)is significantly lower than lead styphnate and lead azide,and even PETN.Al/Bi2O3‑HNIW(SN)can detonate RDX using PETN as intermediate charge.Al/Bi2O3‑HNIW(SN)is expected to be used as a substitute for primary explosive for its excellent safety and initiation performance.