2016-2020年高考数学(理科)全国卷“统计与概率”试题探析——基于综合难度模型

Research on Test Items About“Statistics and Probability”of Math Test in National College Entrance Examination from2016 to 2020——Based on Comprehensive Difficulty Model

依据高考数学试题的特点,对传统的综合难度模型进行调整,并以2016-2020年高考数学(理科)15套全国卷中"统计与概率"内容涉及的试题为对象,从背景因素、参数因素、运算水平、推理能力、知识含量、解题思维、认知水平、条件含量及阅读量(字符)9个维度对其进行难度分析。研究发现,近五年高考数学"统计与概率"试题具有内容表述突出情境性、问题解决体现发展性、数学阅读展现多样性的特点,且近五年全国Ⅰ卷、全国Ⅱ卷、全国Ⅲ卷的试题难度略呈差异性。建议今后的高考数学"统计与概率"试题命制进一步注重各数学知识间的整合,增加对学生逆向思维能力的考查,同时均衡各难度因素,优化试卷质量。

According to the characteristics of the Math test items in national college entrance examination mathematics,traditional comprehensive difficulty model is improved.The difficulty analysis is carried out from 9 aspects:background factors,parameter factors,operation level,reasoning ability,knowledge content,problem solving thinking,cognitive level,condition content and reading quantity(characters),which are involved in the contents of“statisticsand probability”in 15 sets of Math papers in national college entrance examination from2016 to 2020.Through analysis,it is found that test items about“statistics and probability”have the characteristics:the topic expresses the prominent situation,problem-solving reflects development,mathematical reading shows diversity and the difficulty of the test questions is slightly different.Therefore,it is necessary to pay attention to the integration of mathematical knowledge,increase the examination of students’reverse thinking ability and pay attention to the balance of the influence of various difficulty factors to the quality of test.