视角系数能否预测景观认知--以东京文化遗产庭园为例

Can View Factor Predict Landscape Cognition:A Case Study of Tokyo Cultural Heritage Gardens

文化遗产景观正在面临城市化的挑战。为了解游客对城市背景下文化遗产庭园的认知,探索景观形态和游客认知之间的关系,对东京都内6个文化遗产庭园进行了游客认知的调查,并利用球面相机拍摄的全景图计算观测点各景观要素的视角系数。结果发现,天空、庭园、背景建筑的视角系数均与文化遗产庭园的安静感、尺度感、质感、构成感及开阔感显著相关,其中庭园的视角系数是对认知项目最有效的预测因子,并且其预测性不会因为游客国籍或性别的改变而有很大的变化。此外,园外现代建筑的视角系数与庭园的自然感、人工感及历史感均无明显关系。发现将景观认知研究拓展到文化遗产景观的空间形态领域,为文化遗产景观的评价提供了潜在的环境指标,亦是景观评价公众参与的一次实践经验。

Cultural heritage landscapes are facing the challenge of urbanization.To understand visitors'perception of cultural heritage gardens in the urban context and the relationship between the landscape form and visitors'perception,the authors conducted surveys of tourists'cognition on six cultural heritage gardens in Tokyo.The panoramas taken by a spherical camera were used to calculate the landscape view factors of the observation points.It was found that the view factors of sky,garden,and background buildings were all significantly correlated with the cognition of quietness,scale,texture,composition,and enclosure of the cultural heritage gardens.The garden view factor among them was the strongest predictor for cognitive items,and the nationality or gender of tourists would not significantly change its predictability.Also,it was found that the view factor of modern architectures outside the gardens had no apparent correlation with the cognition of naturalness,humaninfluence,and historicity of the gardens.The findings here expanded people's knowledge of landscape cognition to the morphology of cultural heritage landscape,and provided potential environmental indicators for the evaluation of cultural heritage landscape,and was also a practical experience of public participation in landscape assessment.