明清时期江南私家园林中的桂花种植与景点题名意象研究

Study on the Planting and Title Images of Scenic Spots of Osmanthus fragrans in Ming and Qing Dynasties in the Private Gardens of Southern Yangtze River,China

桂花是中国传统园林中的常见植物之一,其种植方式和景点题名意象对现代园林植物景观设计具有重要参考价值。以明清时期江南私家园林中的桂花为研究对象,采用古籍文献查询和统计分析相结合的方法,对桂花的种植方式、种植地点、景点题名意象及其表达的精神文化内涵进行系统研究。结果表明,私家园林中桂花的种植地点主要为建筑周边和山坡,种植方式以丛植为主;桂花与其他植物种类搭配种植时,以梅花和桂花的配植最为常见;以桂花题名的景点非常丰富,其中“小山丛桂”意象题名最多;江南私家园林中桂花在精神层面主要表达了文人阶层的隐逸思想。

Osmanthus fragrans is one of the common plant materials in Chinese traditional gardens.Its planting methods and title images of scenic spots have important reference value for modern landscape planting design.In the present study,the method of ancient literature inquiry and statistical analysis were used to systematically study the planting method,planting position,title images of scenic spots,as well as the spiritual and cultural connotations of Osmanthus fragrans in Ming and Qing Dynasties in the private gardens of southern Yangtze River.The results showed that:1)In the private gardens,Osmanthus fragrans trees were mainly planted in groups around the buildings and hillsides.2)For plant collocation,Osmanthus fragrans and Prunus mume were the most common in a matching way.3)Many scenic spots were named after Osmanthus fragrans in the private gardens,most of which were named after the image of"the Hill and Clump Osmanthus".4)The seclusion idea of the literati class was mainly expressed through the planting of Osmanthus fragrans in the private gardens of southern Yangtze River at the spiritual level.