曾国藩《经史百家杂钞》的文体分类观

A Discussion on the Stylistic Classification in Zeng Guofan’s Collected Works of Ancient Chinese Classics

曾国藩《经史百家杂钞》是继姚鼐《古文辞类纂》后桐城派影响最大的一部文章选本。是选囊括四部之文,分门别类,类分诸体,体现出鲜明的文体分类观。曾氏的文体分类借鉴吸收了姚选的分类思想,又别具自家面目。是选将姚选所分十三类文体损益为十一类,又聚合成三门,创构了以门、类、体为层级的三级文体纲目,这在古代文体分类由博返约的进程中堪为典范。就文体析类分合而言,曾氏在赠序、叙记、典志、箴铭、颂赞、碑志诸类的增删取舍上与姚氏异趋。他因持不同的辨体思想和针砭创作的考量,删汰了赠序类;为凸显文章的经世之用,增益了叙记、典志两类记叙史事和典章的文体;又据新的分类标准改易了箴铭、颂赞、碑志类之部居。曾氏的文体分类具有以简驭繁、纲举目张之效,对后世文人如黎庶昌、李伟、王葆心、姚永朴、徐世昌、高步瀛等的文体分类均产生了重要影响。

Zeng Guofan’s Collected Works of Ancient Chinese Classics is the most influential work of the Tongcheng School following Yao Nai’s Anthology of Classical Prose.This collection includes Confucian classics,historical records,philosophical writings and miscellaneous works.Zeng Guofan’s stylistic classification came from Yao Nai,while exhibiting his own characteristics.This anthology reduces the 13 categories in Yao Nai’s anthology into 11 categories and merges them into three major types.There are three levels of style,namely,category,type and system.Zeng Guofan’s stylistic classification shifts from complexity to simplicity.Zeng Guofan is different from Yao Nai in the addition and deletion of categories,such as Preface,Narration,Records,Proverbs,Praises and Epitaphs.Because of his different views on stylistic classification and his idea of writing criticism,he deleted the Preface.In order to highlight the practical function of the article,he added Narration and Records.He changed the position of Proverbs,Praises and Epitaphs in the anthology according to a new method of classification.Zeng Guofan’s stylistic classification is noted for simplification and logic.It has an important influence on the stylistic classification of later literati such as Li Shuchang,Li Wei,Wang Baoxin,Yao Yongpu,Xv Shichang and Gao Buying.