试说汉字形体构词的性质与表义特点

The Properties and the Characteristics of Word-formation by Using Chinese Characters’Figure

汉语中有一类构词方式为“喻体+(提示性语素)+本体”“喻体+本体”或“本体+喻体”的合成词,其中构词语素“喻体”是由汉字的形体充当,这类合成词本质上是由比喻修辞形式“本体+喻词+喻体”缩略而来。它以带提示性语素“字”为常,如不带提示性语素,则词义与构词方式就较为隐晦,表义难以索解。汉语“井田”“八达岭”“内架堂”等疑难词,如果利用汉字形体构词理论来解释,则词义豁然明了。

In Chinese, there is a kind of word-formation style, which is the compound word of "image +(suggestive morpheme) + noumenon"or"image + noumenon"or"noumenon + image",and the"image"is a form of Chinese characters. This kind of words is essentially a figurative rhetoric form "noumenon + figurative word + image". Prompt morpheme of writing is often used in this kind of words, if not using prompt morpheme, the figurative meaning and the style of word-formation is more obscure. If the word formation theory of Chinese characters is used to explain the words of minefield, Badaling and neijiatang, the meaning of the word is clear.