两汉西域都护信息“督察”职能考

On the Information Supervision Function of Western Regions Frontier Commander in Han Dynasty

西域都护作为两汉时期西域最高军政长官,前后二十余任,在行“护国”“护道”之职时,亦将信息“督察”作为其重要职责。一方面广泛探访、搜集各类信息,另一方面及时汇总、上报朝廷。信息搜集渠道包括遣送使节、接待来访使臣、审问战败俘虏等;信息上报渠道包括烽燧传信、驿骑上书、当面奏闻等。西域都护搜集、呈报的信息涵盖兵事军讯、时局政情、道路交通、民生物产等诸方面,且“莫不毕载”。西域都护“督察”信息之法,对于两汉中央政府经营西域、维护国家领土完整意义重大,亦可为当今戍边稳疆之鉴。

As the highest military and political governor of the Western Regions,there were more than two dozens of Western Reg ions Frontie r Commander who’s main functions of“protecting the country”and“protecting the road”.They also take part in the important function of information supervision at the same time.On the one hand,they were responsible for visiting and collecting the latest information,and on the other hand,they were responsible for summarizing and reporting the important information to the Central Government.In terms of collecting information,there were channel methods such as sending messengers,receiving envoys,and interrogating defeated captives;in terms of reporting information,there were channel methods such as Beacon transmission,Post station transmissio,and report face to face.The information collected and reported by the the Western Regions Frontier Commander covers military affairs,political situation,road traffic,and people's living conditions.It was of great significance for the Han government to manage the Western Regions,maintain national unity and territorial integrity.