首批抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情支援护士工作体验及压力来源的质性研究

Work Experience and Stress Sources of the First-Line Nurses in Fighting Against Corona Virus Disease 2019:a Qualitative Study

目的了解首批抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情支援护士的工作体验及压力来源,为提高护理人员身心健康水平及工作效率提供参考,也为今后出现突发公共卫生事件时护理人员采取各方面的应对策略提供依据。方法采用现象学研究方法,选取河南省首批援鄂医疗队中参加抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎的10名护士进行深度访谈,运用Colaizzi七步分析法对访谈资料进行整理分析。结果提炼出2个主题和9个副主题:抗疫支援护士工作体验及应对(积极主动参与、真实情境及感受、适应与接受)、抗疫支援护士压力来源(工作环境改变、个人准备不充分、患者心理状态差、社会负面舆论、担忧自身安全保障、语言沟通障碍)。结论抗击新冠肺炎支援护士工作过程中面临多重压力源,建议护理管理者关注一线支援护士的心理压力,增加培训力度,提高护士对公共卫生事件的积极应对能力,提高其职业认同感。

Objective To understand the work experience and stress sources of the first batch of nurses who supported the fight against corona virus disease 2019 epidemic situation,so as to provide reference for improving the level of physical and mental health and work efficiency of nurses,and to provide basis for nurses’coping strategies in all aspects after public health emergencies in the future.Methods By using the phenomenological research method,10 nurses who participated in the fight against corona virus disease 2019 from the first batch of medical teams supporting Wuhan in Henan Province were selected for in-depth interviews and the Colaizzi seven-step analysis method was used to analyze the interview data.Results Two themes and nine sub-themes were extracted.The two themes were work experience and coping of anti-epidemic support nurses,and the sources of stress of anti-epidemic support nurses.The work experience and coping of anti-epidemic support nurses included active participation,real situation and feeling,adaptation and acceptance.The sources of stresss of anti-epidemic support nurses included change of working environment,inadequate personal preparation,poor psychological state of patients,negative social public opinion,worry about their own safety,and language communication barrier.Conclusion The nurses fighting against corona virus disease 2019 are faced with multiple stressors in their work.It is suggested that nursing managers should pay attention to the psychological pressure of front-line support nurses and increase the intensity of training to improve nurses’ability to cope with public health events actively and enhance their professional identity.