对跨国破产程序域外效力的思考

Reflections on the Extraterritorial Effect of Cross-border Bankruptcy Procedures

韩国韩进海运有限公司在韩国申请破产,美国、新加坡等国家基于其采纳适用的《跨境破产示范法》域外管辖权效力原则的内容对韩国破产程序予以承认和配合。韩国与中国由于采取的域外破产程序的认定原则不同以及当时的政治环境等因素,最终没有形成合作。中国破产程序域外效力的不足之处在该案中与他国对比明显。通过对该案以及对中国、韩国和新加坡破产程序域外效力的分析,在符合中国国情的基础上对破产程序域外效力的认定进行思考,依托“一带一路”的机制框架,可以发现,中国破产程序域外效力有四种路径选择:《跨境破产示范法》的风险与平衡;“推定互惠”原则的适用;建立区域一体化机制;达成双边协议。

Hanjin Shipping filed for bankruptcy in South Korea.Based on the adopted principle of extraterritorial effect of UNCITRAL Model Law,the United States,Singapore and other countries recognized and cooperated with the Korean bankruptcy procedures on cross-border bankruptcy.Due to the different principles of the determination of the effect of extraterritorial procedures and the political environment at that time,there was no cooperation between China and South Korea.In comparison with other countries in this case,the shortcomings of the extraterritorial effect of cross-border bankruptcy procedures of China are obvious.Based on the analysis of the extraterritorial effect of cross-border bankruptcy procedures in China,South Korea and Singapore,there should be some reflections about the determination of Chinese extraterritorial effect of cross-border bankruptcy procedures on the basis of national conditions of China.In the framework of“Belt and Road Initiative”,there are four ways for China to choose about the extraterritorial effect of cross-border bankruptcy:the risks and balance of adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law,the application of presumptive reciprocity,regional integration mechanism and the bilateral agreements.