论生态批评的阐释方法——以新世纪中国小说为例

On the Interpretation Methods of Ecocriticism: Taking the Chinese Novels in the New Century as an Example

“生态批评”作为一种文学批评的方法,除了探讨文学中“人与自然”的关系外,还须揭示文学对生态危机根源的探寻,但目前多数文学研究者对生态批评方法的运用,仅止于探讨文学如何书写“人与自然”的关系。生态危机的深层原因在于人的价值危机、精神生态危机,更深层面的是“现代性”文化、制度的危机。故以生态批评作为阐释方法时,除分析文学对“人与自然”关系书写的同时,还应探析其对现代性的反思与批判话语。新世纪以来的中国小说呈现以下价值取向:批判欲望,拷问、质疑人的主体性;对以工业文明与科技崇拜为标志的现代化发展模式的反思;自然返魅、呼唤自然神性;对新型生态人的形塑,这些都显明地呈示着对现代性的反思与批判姿态,也是对生态危机发生的深层原因的揭示。

As a method of literary criticism, ecocriticism should not only explore the relationship between man and nature in literature, but also reveal the enquiry of literature to the root of ecological crisis. Therefore, when using ecological criticism as an interpretation method, we should not only analyze the relationship between man and nature, but also explore its reflection and critical discourse on modernity. Since the beginning of the new century, Chinese novels have shown the following value orientations: criticizing desire, interrogating and questioning human subjectivity;reflecting on the modern development mode marked by the industrial civilization and the worship of science and technology;reenchanting nature and calling for natural divinity;shaping the new ecological man.