“君子不器”及病因与治法之联系——谢肇淛论医理

The relationship between the etiology and the treatment of"the gentleman does not have utensils":Xie Zhaozhe on medical theory

明代笔记小说不乏文学和史料价值,它涉及内容宏富广博,其中包括很多与医学相关的内容,对医理的讨论是重要的组成部分。谢肇淛的《五杂俎》有十分丰富的医药内容,更是生动呈现了谢肇淛对传统医理“医之为言意也”的认知和理解。谢肇淛对“医者,意也”的理解主要有两个维度的内容。其一是“医者,意也”中“医”指“医疗者”,“意”是“胸中之识见”,是中国古代文人士大夫对于“君子不器”——博识的追求。其二是“医者,意也”中“医”指“医疗”,“意”是“意义”——病因与治法之间的联系。谢氏等人对前人医理的论述,体现了明代知识分子对于医学知识的重视与关切。

There is no lack of literature and historical data value in the Ming Dynasty's notebook novels.It involves a wide range of content,colorful,detailed and vivid reflection of all aspects of the social world,and customs at that time,including a lot of medical related content,the discussion of medical theory is an important part.Wuzazu,written by Xie Zhaozhe,is an important notebook novel in the Ming Dynasty.It contains rich medical contents and vividly presents Xie's cognition and understanding of traditional medical theory that“medicine is the language and meaning”.There are two dimensions in Xie's understanding of“doctor,meaning”.One of them is“doctor,meaning”,in which“medicine”refers to“medical person”,and“meaning”refers to“insight in the chest”,which is the pursuit of“gentleman is not a tool”-erudite by ancient Chinese literati.The second is“doctor,meaning”,in which“medicine”refers to“medical treatment”,and“meaning”refers to“significance”-the relationship between etiology and treatment.Xie's discussion on the medical theory of the predecessors reflects the attention and concern of the intellectuals in the Ming Dynasty for medical knowledge.